Differences in health characteristics and health behaviors between rural and non-rural community-dwelling stroke survivors aged ≥65 years in the USA.

Objectives: To examine differences in health characteristics and health behaviors between rural and non-rural stroke survivors in the USA.

Methods: Data were extracted from the 2017 and 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to compare prevalences of health characteristics (i.e.

The Effects of an Acute Bout of Aerobic or Resistance Exercise on Nonexercise Physical Activity.

Introduction/purpose: A reduction in nonexercise physical activity (NEPA) after exercise may reduce the effectiveness of exercise interventions on weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity. Aerobic exercise (AEx) and resistance exercise (REx) may have different effects on NEPA. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to examine the effect of a single bout of AEx or REx on NEPA and sedentary behavior in inactive adults with overweight or obesity.

Performance of Dietary Behaviors in Chronic Community-Dwelling Stroke Survivors: A Mixed-Methods Study.

In order to gain a better understanding of post-stroke dietary behaviors (e.g., selecting, accessing, and preparing healthy foods) among chronic, community-dwelling stroke survivors, we conducted a mixed-methods study consisting of a quantitative online survey (n = 63) and follow-up focus groups with a subset of participants (n = 7).

Evidence Surrounding Dietary Behavior Interventions in Community-Dwelling Stroke Survivors: A Scoping Review.

To identify and summarize studies that have implemented dietary behavior interventions and reported dietary outcomes in community-dwelling adult stroke survivors. Scoping Review; Not applicable. Participants: Studies eligible for review included peer-reviewed studies describing both a dietary intervention and a dietary outcome among community-dwelling stroke survivors published between January 2000 and June 2022.

Facilitators and barriers to performing dietary behaviors among chronic community-dwelling stroke survivors: A qualitative secondary analysis.

Background: Following a healthy dietary pattern is recommended for secondary stroke prevention, but stroke-related impairments may hinder the performance of dietary behaviors (i.e., accessing, selecting, and preparing food).

Diabetes and obesity are associated with disability in community-dwelling stroke survivors: A cross-sectional study of 37,955 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System respondents.

Purpose: Stroke increases risk for disability. Obesity and diabetes also increase risk for disability in the general population, but their association with disability in stroke survivors is unknown. We examined disability risk associated with obesity and diabetes in stroke survivors across six disability types: hearing, vision, cognition, mobility, and basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs).

How Adults With Stroke Conceptualize Physical Activity: An Exploratory Qualitative Study.

Importance: Physical activity (PA) is recommended for improving physical and cardiovascular function but can be challenging because of stroke-related impairments. A better understanding of how adults with stroke conceptualize PA could assist in developing effective interventions for increasing poststroke PA.

Objective: To explore how adults with stroke conceptualize PA.

Association of obesity and diabetes with physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption in stroke survivors.

Background: Engaging in unhealthy behaviours [poor diet, insufficient physical activity (PA)] increases risk for recurrent stroke and can be compounded by obesity and diabetes, but the association of obesity and diabetes with poor diet and insufficient PA in stroke survivors is unknown.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare prevalences of low fruit and vegetable consumption (low FV consumption, <1 fruit and <1 vegetable daily) and low physical activity (low PA, <150 minutes of weekly moderate-intensity PA) in stroke survivors, stratified by obesity-diabetes status (neither condition, obesity only, diabetes only, both conditions).

Methods: Cross-sectional data from 32 876 non-institutionalized, US stroke survivors aged ≥45 years from the 2015 and 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were examined.

Obesity and diabetes are jointly associated with functional disability in stroke survivors.

Background: Stroke is the most common cause of complex disability. Obesity and diabetes increase risk for functional disability in the general population, but their contribution to functional disability in stroke survivors is unknown.

Objective: To investigate the joint association of obesity and diabetes with functional disability in stroke survivors.

A Narrative Review of Handgrip Strength and Cognitive Functioning: Bringing a New Characteristic to Muscle Memory.

Background: Measures of handgrip strength have not only emerged as a clinically viable screening tool for determining risk for morbidity, functional disability, and early mortality, but also for helping to identify cognitive deficits. However, the phenomena that links low handgrip strength with cognitive decline remains unclear. The role of the muscular and neural systems, and their adaptations to muscle strengthening activities over the life course, may provide important information for how age-related changes to muscle mass, strength, and neural capacity influence cognition.

Health Behavior Change Following Stroke: Recommendations for Adapting the Diabetes Prevention Program-Group Lifestyle Balance Program.

. History of stroke increases risk for recurrent stroke, which is a significant issue faced by survivors. The Diabetes Prevention Program-Group Lifestyle Balance (DPP-GLB) program is an effective lifestyle modification intervention for ameliorating cardiovascular risk factors but has not been adapted to account for common stroke-related deficits.

Lifestyle Risk Behaviors Among Stroke Survivors With and Without Diabetes.

Objective: History of stroke and diabetes increases risk for cardiometabolic disease, which can be mitigated through lifestyle management. To evaluate lifestyle risk behaviors among stroke survivors, we compared the prevalence of three lifestyle risk behaviors-physical inactivity, consuming one or less fruit and one or less vegetable daily, and overweight/obesity-between stroke survivors with and without diabetes.

Design: Data from the 2013 and 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were examined.

Prevalence of 3 Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Among US Adults With and Without History of Stroke.

Introduction: Engaging in healthy lifestyle behaviors decreases risk for cardiometabolic complications, which is of particular concern for stroke survivors whose history of stroke (HOS) increases cardiometabolic risk. Population-based estimates of healthy behaviors in adults with HOS are lacking but could be used to inform research, policy, and health care practice. The objective of this study was to calculate and compare population-based estimates of the prevalence of consuming 1 or more fruit and 1 or more vegetable daily, meeting weekly aerobic physical activity recommendations, having a body mass index (BMI) of less than 25 kg/m, and the number of healthy behaviors among US adults with and without HOS.

Self-Efficacy, Self-Regulation, Social Support, and Outcomes Expectations for Daily Physical Activity in Adults with Chronic Stroke: A Descriptive, Exploratory Study.

Interventions are needed to increase physical activity throughout the day in adults with chronic stroke, but mechanisms of action for doing so have not been identified. In this descriptive, exploratory study of 36 ambulatory, community-dwelling adults with chronic stroke, participants completed questionnaires investigating self-efficacy, self-regulation, social support, and outcomes expectations for daily physical activity. In the absence of any intervention, participants consistently reported high self-efficacy and outcomes expectations but low use of self-regulation and social support strategies.

Prevalence of five lifestyle risk factors among U.S. adults with and without stroke.

Background: History of stroke increases cardiometabolic risk, which can be exacerbated by the presence of unhealthy lifestyle factors. Population-based estimates of lifestyle risk factors in people with stroke are lacking but could be used to inform research, policy, and healthcare practice.

Objective: To compare population-based estimates of the prevalence of five lifestyle risk factors-low fruit and vegetable consumption, insufficient physical activity, smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, and overweight/obesity-among U.

Muscle Strength and Functional Limitations: Preserving Function in Older Mexican Americans.

Objectives: Understanding the role of muscle strength as a preventive factor for shorter-term declines in function may provide further insights into the disabling process. This study examined if muscle strength was associated with 2-year preservation of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) function and activities of daily living (ADL) disability status in older Mexican Americans.

Design: Longitudinal, panel.

Goal Setting and Action Planning for Health Behavior Change.

Health behavior change is challenging for most individuals, but there are many strategies that individuals can use to facilitate their behavior change efforts. Goal setting is one such strategy that assists individuals to identify specific behaviors to change and how to go about doing so. For many, however, simply setting a goal seldom leads to actual behavior change.

Promoting Physical Activity and Nutrition in People With Stroke.

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity is high in people with stroke. Risk factors for these conditions include hypertension, high cholesterol, and physical inactivity. These risk factors are common in people with stroke and often go unmanaged.

The Association Between Handgrip Strength and Diabetes on Activities of Daily Living Disability in Older Mexican Americans.

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the independent and joint effects of muscle weakness and diabetes on incident activities of daily living (ADL) disability in older Mexican Americans.

Method: A subsample of 2,270 Mexican Americans aged at least 65 years at baseline were followed for 19 years. Handgrip strength was normalized to body weight (normalized grip strength [NGS]).

Does Task-Specific Training Improve Upper Limb Performance in Daily Life Poststroke?

Background: A common assumption is that changes in upper limb (UL) capacity, or what an individual is capable of doing, translates to improved UL performance in daily life, or what an individual actually does. This assumption should be explicitly tested for individuals with UL paresis poststroke.

Objective: To examine changes in UL performance after an intensive, individualized, progressive, task-specific UL intervention for individuals at least 6 months poststroke.

Changes in Upper-Extremity Functional Capacity and Daily Performance During Outpatient Occupational Therapy for People With Stroke.

Objective: This study explored how upper-extremity (UE) functional capacity and daily performance change during the course of outpatient rehabilitation in people with stroke.

Method: Fifteen participants receiving outpatient occupational therapy services for UE paresis poststroke were enrolled. UE motor capacity was measured with the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), and UE performance was measured using bilateral, wrist-worn accelerometers.

Lifestyle Modification for Secondary Stroke Prevention.

Of nearly 800 000 strokes that occur annually, 23% are recurrent events. Risk for disability and mortality is higher following a recurrent stroke than following a first-time stroke, which makes secondary stroke prevention a priority. Many risk factors for stroke are modifiable and amenable to improvement through lifestyle modification.

Quantifying Real-World Upper-Limb Activity in Nondisabled Adults and Adults With Chronic Stroke.

Background: Motor capability is commonly assessed inside the clinic, but motor performance in real-world settings (ie, outside of the clinic) is seldom assessed because measurement tools are lacking.

Objective: To quantify real-world bilateral upper-limb (UL) activity in nondisabled adults and adults with stroke using a recently developed accelerometry-based methodology.

Methods: Nondisabled adults (n = 74) and adults with chronic stroke (n = 48) wore accelerometers on both wrists for 25 to 26 hours.

Real-world affected upper limb activity in chronic stroke: an examination of potential modifying factors.

Background: Despite improvement in motor function after intervention, adults with chronic stroke experience disability in everyday activity. Factors other than motor function may influence affected upper limb (UL) activity.

Objective: To characterize affected UL activity and examine potential modifying factors of affected UL activity in community-dwelling adults with chronic stroke.