The Chalcidoidea bush of life: evolutionary history of a massive radiation of minute wasps.

Chalcidoidea are mostly parasitoid wasps that include as many as 500 000 estimated species. Capturing phylogenetic signal from such a massive radiation can be daunting. Chalcidoidea is an excellent example of a hyperdiverse group that has remained recalcitrant to phylogenetic resolution.

1,8-Dihydroxy Naphthalene-A New Building Block for the Self-Assembly with Boronic Acids and 4,4'-Bipyridine to Stable Host-Guest Complexes with Aromatic Hydrocarbons.

The new Lewis acid-base adducts of general formula X(nad)B←NCH-CHN→B(nad)X [nad = 1,8-OCH X = CH (), 3,4,5-F-CH ()] were synthesized in high yields via reactions of 1,8-dihydroxy naphthalene [nadH] and 4,4'-bipyridine with the aryl boronic acids CHB(OH) and 3,4,5-F-CHB(OH), respectively, and structurally characterized by multi-nuclear NMR spectroscopy and SCXRD. Self-assembled H-shaped Lewis acid-base adduct proved to be effective in forming thermally stable host-guest complexes, × solvent, with aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene, toluene, mesitylene, aniline, and -, -, and -xylene. Crystallographic analysis of these solvent adducts revealed host-guest interactions to primarily occur via π···π contacts between the 4,4'-bipyridyl linker and the aromatic solvents, resulting in the formation of 1:1 and 1:2 host-guest complexes.

Resilient Parents… Resilient Communities: A Pilot Study Trialing the Bounce Back and Thrive! Resilience-Training Program With Military Families.

Introduction: The resilience of Canadian military families (CMFs) - the main support of the Canadian Armed Forces service members (SMs) - is imperative. The Canadian Armed Forces aims to ensure that SMs and their families are resilient and SMs ready to respond when called upon for combat, peacekeeping or pandemic/disaster-response. Family concerns, however, can realistically distract SMs from the mission, potentially compromising themselves, their unit and the mission.

Updated systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the relationship between reported racism and health and well-being for children and youth: a protocol.

Introduction: Racism is a critical determinant of health and health inequities for children and youth. This protocol aims to update the first systematic review conducted by Priest (2013), including a meta-analysis of findings. Based on previous empirical data, it is anticipated that child and youth health will be negatively impacted by racism.

Enhancing Resilience in Canadian Military Families and Communities: A Qualitative Analysis of the Reaching In… Reaching Out and Bounce Back and Thrive! Resiliency Skills Training Programs.

A new vision of resilience and well-being for Canadian military service members (SMs), Veterans and their families has been championed by the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) and Veterans Affairs Canada (VAC). Operationalizing this vision, which aims to support those who serve/have served and their families as they navigate life during and post-service, requires the support of service providers (SPs). Training SPs to deliver complementary resilience-training programs Reaching In… Reaching Out (RIRO; for adults working with parents of young children) and Bounce Back and Thrive! (BBT; for parents of children aged 0-8 years of age) may support this vision.

Read between the lineata: A revision of the tattooed wasps, Zagrammosoma Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with descriptions of eleven new species.

The genus Zagrammosoma Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is revised. Twenty-six species are recognized, of which 23 have been molecularly verified in a phylogenetic context using 28S, ITS2, and COI. Zagrammosoma is recovered as monophyletic, worldwide in distribution, and morphologically distinct from Cirrospilus Westwood.

Back pain outcomes after minimally invasive anterior lumbar interbody fusion: a systematic review.

Objective: Minimally invasive anterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery (MIS ALIF) is a technique that restores disc height and lumbar lordosis through a smaller exposure and less soft-tissue trauma compared to open approaches. The mini-open and laparoscopic assistance techniques are two main forms of MIS ALIF. The authors conducted a systematic review that sought to critically summarize the literature on back pain following MIS ALIF.

Domino Reaction Sequence for the Synthesis of [2.2.2]Diazabicycloalkenes and Base-Promoted Cycloreversion to 2-Pyridone Alkaloids.

A new domino reaction sequence for the construction of 2-pyridone structures is reported. The reaction sequence begins with diacetyldiketopiperazine and proceeds via aldol condensation, alkene isomerization, and intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition. The intermediate [2.

Comparing human papillomavirus vaccine concerns on Twitter: a cross-sectional study of users in Australia, Canada and the UK.

Objective: Opposition to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is common on social media and has the potential to impact vaccine coverage. This study aims to conduct an international comparison of the proportions of tweets about HPV vaccines that express concerns, the types of concerns expressed and the social connections among users posting about HPV vaccines in Australia, Canada and the UK.

Design: Using a cross-sectional design, an international comparison of English language tweets about HPV vaccines and social connections among Twitter users posting about HPV vaccines between January 2014 and April 2016 was conducted.

Effects over time of self-reported direct and vicarious racial discrimination on depressive symptoms and loneliness among Australian school students.

Background: Racism and racial discrimination are increasingly acknowledged as a critical determinant of health and health inequalities. However, patterns and impacts of racial discrimination among children and adolescents remain under-investigated, including how different experiences of racial discrimination co-occur and influence health and development over time. This study examines associations between self-reported direct and vicarious racial discrimination experiences and loneliness and depressive symptoms over time among Australian school students.

Measuring patient satisfaction: three years' data and experience of using a validated patient questionnaire.

A validated patient satisfaction questionnaire for use in sexual health clinics was run throughout the southwest region (the UK) three times over three years (13 clinics in January 2012 and 12/13 clinics in January 2013 and the same 12 clinics again in January 2014). The questionnaire covered aspects of pre-appointment, performance of health care professionals, facilities, privacy, respectful communication, information on leaving and overall experience. Data from 1750 questionnaires are presented with means and 95% confidence intervals.

Experiences of racism, racial/ethnic attitudes, motivated fairness and mental health outcomes among primary and secondary school students.

While studies investigating the health effects of racial discrimination for children and youth have examined a range of effect modifiers, to date, relationships between experiences of racial discrimination, student attitudes, and health outcomes remain unexplored. This study uniquely demonstrates the moderating effects of vicarious racism and motivated fairness on the association between direct experiences of racism and mental health outcomes, specifically depressive symptoms and loneliness, among primary and secondary school students. Across seven schools, 263 students (54.

Chemically enhanced phytoextraction of lead-contaminated soils.

The effects of the combined application of soil fungicide (benomyl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on lead (Pb) phytoextraction by ryegrass (Lolium perenne) were examined. Twenty-five pots of Pb-contaminated soil (200 mg Pb kg(-1)) were seeded with ryegrass and randomly arranged into the following treatments: (1) Control, (2) benomyl, (3) EDTA, (4) benomyl and EDTA (B+E), and (5) benomyl followed by an application of EDTA 14 days later (B ..

Endoplasmic reticulum-associated secretory proteins Sec20p, Sec39p, and Dsl1p are involved in peroxisome biogenesis.

Two pathways have been identified for peroxisome formation: (i) growth and division and (ii) de novo synthesis. Recent experiments determined that peroxisomes originate at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Although many proteins have been implicated in the peroxisome biogenic program, no proteins in the eukaryotic secretory pathway have been identified as having roles in peroxisome formation.

Characterization of the sterol-binding domain of oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP)-related protein 4 reveals a novel role in vimentin organization.

Oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) and OSBP-related protein 4 (ORP4; also designated OSBP2 and HLM) are implicated in sterol-transport and/or sensing via binding to protein partners. The aggregation of vimentin by an N-terminal-truncated variant of ORP4 (ORP4S), but not full-length ORP4L, suggested a functional interaction with this intermediate filament. Herein, we identify ORP4 domains that interact with vimentin, and determine how sterols and OSBP influence this activity.

Oxysterol-binding protein and vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein are required for sterol-dependent activation of the ceramide transport protein.

Sphingomyelin (SM) and cholesterol are coregulated metabolically and associate physically in membrane microdomains involved in cargo sorting and signaling. One mechanism for regulation of this metabolic interface involves oxysterol binding protein (OSBP) via high-affinity binding to oxysterol regulators of cholesterol homeostasis and activation of SM synthesis at the Golgi apparatus. Here, we show that OSBP regulation of SM synthesis involves the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi ceramide transport protein (CERT).

Molecular mechanisms and regulation of ceramide transport.

De novo biosynthesis of sphingolipids begins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and continues in the Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane. A crucial step in sphingolipid biosynthesis is the transport of ceramide by vesicular and non-vesicular mechanisms from its site of synthesis in the ER to the Golgi apparatus. The recent discovery of the ceramide transport protein CERT has revealed a novel pathway for the delivery of ceramide to the Golgi apparatus for sphingomyelin (SM) synthesis.

The role of de novo ceramide synthesis in the mechanism of action of the tricyclic xanthate D609.

The cytotoxic effects of several chemotherapeutic drugs have been linked to elevated de novo ceramide biosynthesis. However, the relationship between the intracellular site(s) of ceramide accumulation and cytotoxicity is poorly understood. Here we examined the relationship between the site of ceramide deposition and inhibition of protein translation and induction of apoptosis by the antitumor/antiviral xanthate, D609.