Regional scale diversity and distribution of soil inhabiting Tetracladium.

The genus Tetracladium has historically been regarded as an aquatic hyphomycete. However, sequencing of terrestrial ecosystems has shown that Tetracladium species might also be terrestrial soil and plant-inhabiting fungi. The diversity of Tetracladium species, their distribution across ecosystems, and the factors that shape community composition remain largely unknown.

Diurnal Rhythmicity in the Rhizosphere Microbiome-Mechanistic Insights and Significance for Rhizosphere Function.

The rhizosphere is a key interface between plants, microbes and the soil which influences plant health and nutrition and modulates terrestrial biogeochemical cycling. Recent research has shown that the rhizosphere environment is far more dynamic than previously recognised, with evidence emerging for diurnal rhythmicity in rhizosphere chemistry and microbial community composition. This rhythmicity is in part linked to the host plant's circadian rhythm, although some heterotrophic rhizosphere bacteria and fungi may also possess intrinsic rhythmicity.

Spatiotemporal Variations of Soil Reactive Nitrogen Oxide Fluxes across the Anthropogenic Landscape.

Volatile reactive nitrogen oxides (NO) are significant atmospheric pollutants, including NO (nitric oxide [NO] + nitrogen dioxide [NO]) and NO (nitrous acid [HONO] + nitric acid [HNO] + nitrogen trioxide [NO] + ...

Integrated Probe System for Measuring Soil Carbon Dioxide Concentrations.

This article outlines the design and implementation of an internet-of-things (IoT) platform for the monitoring of soil carbon dioxide (CO) concentrations. As atmospheric CO continues to rise, accurate accounting of major carbon sources, such as soil, is essential to inform land management and government policy. Thus, a batch of IoT-connected CO sensor probes were developed for soil measurement.

Landscape scale ecology of Tetracladium spp. fungal root endophytes.

Background: The genus Tetracladium De Wild. (Ascomycota) has been traditionally regarded as a group of Ingoldian fungi or aquatic hyphomycetes-a polyphyletic group of phylogenetically diverse fungi which grow on decaying leaves and plant litter in streams. Recent sequencing evidence has shown that Tetracladium spp.

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Tree Communities Have Greater Soil Fungal Diversity and Relative Abundances of Saprotrophs and Pathogens than Ectomycorrhizal Tree Communities.

Trees associating with different mycorrhizas often differ in their effects on litter decomposition, nutrient cycling, soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics, and plant-soil interactions. For example, due to differences between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) tree leaf and root traits, ECM-associated soil has lower rates of C and N cycling and lower N availability than AM-associated soil. These observations suggest that many groups of nonmycorrhizal fungi should be affected by the mycorrhizal associations of dominant trees through controls on nutrient availability.

Nitrogen cycling microbiomes are structured by plant mycorrhizal associations with consequences for nitrogen oxide fluxes in forests.

Volatile nitrogen oxides (N O, NO, NO , HONO, …) can negatively impact climate, air quality, and human health. Using soils collected from temperate forests across the eastern United States, we show microbial communities involved in nitrogen (N) cycling are structured, in large part, by the composition of overstory trees, leading to predictable N-cycling syndromes, with consequences for emissions of volatile nitrogen oxides to air. Trees associating with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi promote soil microbial communities with higher N-cycle potential and activity, relative to microbial communities in soils dominated by trees associating with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi.

Microbial mechanisms and ecosystem flux estimation for aerobic NO emissions from deciduous forest soils.

Reactive nitrogen oxides (NO; NO = NO + NO + HONO) decrease air quality and impact radiative forcing, yet the factors responsible for their emission from nonpoint sources (i.e., soils) remain poorly understood.

Biochar amendment suppresses N O emissions but has no impact on N site preference in an anaerobic soil.

Rationale: Biochar amendments often decrease N O gas production from soil, but the mechanisms and magnitudes are still not well characterized since N O can be produced via several different microbial pathways. We evaluated the influence of biochar amendment on N O emissions and N O isotopic composition, including N site preference (SP) under anaerobic conditions.

Methods: An agricultural soil was incubated with differing levels of biochar.

Antimony(v) cations for the selective catalytic transformation of aldehydes into symmetric ethers, α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, and 1,3,5-trioxanes.

1-Diphenylphosphinonaphthyl-8-triphenylstibonium triflate ([][OTf]) was prepared in excellent yield by treating 1-lithio-8-diphenylphosphinonaphthalene with dibromotriphenylstiborane followed by halide abstraction with AgOTf. This antimony(v) cation was found to be stable toward oxygen and water, and exhibited exceptional Lewis acidity. The Lewis acidity of [][OTf] was exploited in the catalytic reductive coupling of a variety of aldehydes into symmetric ethers of type in good to excellent yields under mild conditions using Et3SiH as the reductant.

Metal-free stabilization of monomeric antimony(I): a carbene-supported stibinidene.

A diamidocarbene was coordinated to an antimony(III) dichloride Lewis acid. Subsequent reduction with magnesium gave a monomeric, formally antimony(I) fragment that is supported by the diamidocarbene. Spectroscopic, crystallographic, and computational analyses demonstrated that the carbene ligand engages the antimony(I) center in π-backbonding resulting in a short (2.