The genetic landscape of urologic cancers has evolved with the identification of actionable mutations that impact diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies. This narrative review consolidates existing literature on genetic mutations across key urologic cancers, including bladder, renal, prostate, upper tract urothelial, testicular, and penile. The review highlights mutations in DNA damage repair genes, such as BRCA1/2 and PTEN, as well as pathway alterations like FGFR and PD-L1 overexpression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Adrenal cavernous hemangiomas are rare benign vascular tumors that pose significant diagnostic challenges. Despite their benign nature, features overlapping with malignancies often complicate management decisions.
Case Presentation: A 64-year-old male presented with a 4.