Promises and Perils of Big Data: Philosophical Constraints on Chemical Ontologies.

Chemistry is experiencing a paradigm shift in the way it interacts with data. So-called "big data" are collected and used at unprecedented scales with the idea that algorithms can be designed to aid in chemical discovery. As data-enabled practices become ever more ubiquitous, chemists must consider the organization and curation of their data, especially as it is presented to both humans and increasingly intelligent algorithms.

Does Thoracic Manipulation Cause Extravasation at Joint Following Facet Injections?

Facet injections and other pain management interventions are commonly performed in combination with conservative therapy to address spinal pain. Joint mobilizations are a highly utilized intervention for manual practitioners to treat patients with spinal pain. Clinical reasoning and decision making models have not been well described in the literature assessing if and when joint mobilizations are appropriate interventions immediately or shortly following facet injection procedures.

Seeing Double: A Case of ACL Tears in Monozygotic Twin Female Athletes Within 48 Hours.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are a serious issue for young athletes. These injuries are devastating and costly, leading to significant time away from sports, and substantial financial cost. A case is presented in which monozygotic twin sisters sustained ACL injuries within 48 hours of one another.

Cervicothoracic Manipulation Techniques Reviewed Utilizing Three-Dimensional Spine Model.

Currently, there is a paucity of studies that describe prone cervicothoracic joint high-velocity low-amplitude (HVLA) thrust techniques using an anatomically accurate, biomimetic three-dimensional (3D) spine model for educational demonstration. The purpose of this technical report was to present a learning model for two prone cervicothoracic HVLA thrust techniques using a 3D model, review intersegmental mobility observed on a 3D spine model with application of the techniques, and lastly discuss potential applications of this learning model.

Luminal Toxin-Binding Agents for Clostridium difficile Infection.

Objective: To systematically search the literature for trials evaluating luminal toxin-binding agents (LTBAs) for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI).

Methods: A systematic search was conducted utilizing PubMed and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts with the following terms: anion-exchange resins, C difficile, cholestyramine, tolevamer, and colestipol. Articles were included if published in the English language and reported clinical outcomes of more than 5 adult humans with CDI treated with LTBAs.

Enhanced delivery of microRNA mimics to cardiomyocytes using ultrasound responsive microbubbles reverses hypertrophy in an in-vitro model.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) account for 36% of deaths in Europe and the United States. Gene therapy can act as a therapeutic modality for the treatment of CVD. The use of microRNA mimetics may be advantageous as they regulate important processes in health and pathology.

Orchestrating osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells--identification of placental growth factor as a mechanosensitive gene with a pro-osteogenic role.

Skeletogenesis is initiated during fetal development and persists through adult life as either a remodeling process in response to homeostatic regulation or as a regenerative process in response to physical injury. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a crucial role providing progenitor cells from which osteoblasts, bone matrix forming cells are differentiated. The mechanical environment plays an important role in regulating stem cell differentiation into osteoblasts, however, the mechanisms by which MSCs respond to mechanical stimuli are yet to be fully elucidated.

Visualizing feasible operating ranges within tissue engineering systems using a "windows of operation" approach: a perfusion-scaffold bioreactor case study.

Tissue engineering approaches to developing functional substitutes are often highly complex, multivariate systems where many aspects of the biomaterials, bio-regulatory factors or cell sources may be controlled in an effort to enhance tissue formation. Furthermore, success is based on multiple performance criteria reflecting both the quantity and quality of the tissue produced. Managing the trade-offs between different performance criteria is a challenge.

Influence of shear stress in perfusion bioreactor cultures for the development of three-dimensional bone tissue constructs: a review.

Bone tissue engineering aims to generate clinically applicable bone graft substitutes in an effort to ease the demands and reduce the potential risks associated with traditional autograft and allograft bone replacement procedures. Biomechanical stimuli play an important role under physiologically relevant conditions in the normal formation, development, and homeostasis of bone tissue--predominantly, strain (predicted levels in vivo for humans <2000 με) caused by physical deformation, and fluid shear stress (0.8-3 Pa), generated by interstitial fluid movement through lacunae caused by compression and tension under loading.

Sub-population analysis of human cancer vaccine cells--ultra scale-down characterization of response to shear.

The allogeneic whole cell therapy field presents a novel challenge for cell line selection. Large numbers of candidates will he screened for desirable traits including cell growth rates and maintenance of critical product attributes. Screening cell lines for susceptibility to large scale processing conditions has become of increasing importance; innovators do not wish to face the quandary of clinically efficacious cell lines that show poor manufacturability.

Ultra scale-down studies of the effect of shear on cell quality; Processing of a human cell line for cancer vaccine therapy.

Whole cell therapy is showing potential in the clinic for the treatment of many chronic diseases. The translation of laboratory-scale methods for cell harvesting and formulation to commercial-scale manufacturing offers major bioprocessing challenges. This is especially the case when the cell properties determine the final product effectiveness.