The probiotic HN001 influences the architecture and gene expression of small intestine tissue in a piglet model.

This study investigated the effects of HN001 supplementation on the architecture and gene expression in small intestinal tissues of piglets used as an animal model for infant humans. Twenty-four 10-d-old entire male piglets (4·3 (sd 0·59) kg body weight) were fed an infant formula (IF) (control) or IF supplemented with 1·3 × 10 (low dose) or 7·9 × 10 (high dose) colony-forming units HN001 per ml of reconstituted formula ( 8 piglets/treatment). After 24 d, piglets were euthanised.

HN001 alters the microbiota composition in the cecum but not the feces in a piglet model.

The probiotic strain HN001 has been shown to have several beneficial health effects for both pediatric and maternal groups, including reduced risk of eczema in infants and gestational diabetes and postnatal depression in mothers. While HN001 appears to modify immune and gut barrier biomarkers, its mode of action remains to be fully elucidated. To gain insights into the role of HN001 on the infant microbiome, the impacts of HN001 supplementation was studied in 10-day old male piglets that were fed either infant formula, or infant formula with HN001 at a low (1.

Variation in Patient-Described Barriers to and Facilitators of Diabetes Management by Individual-Level Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional, Open-Ended Survey.

This study analyzed patient-described barriers and facilitators related to diabetes management, focusing on how these differ by glycemia and across individual characteristics. A cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted with adult patients with diabetes in Alberta, Canada, asking two open-ended questions to describe the most helpful and difficult components of their diabetes management. Responses were analyzed using directed content analysis using the Theoretical Domains Framework as a template.

Impacts of Formula Supplemented with Milk Fat Globule Membrane on the Neurolipidome of Brain Regions of Piglets.

The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) appears to play an important role in infant neurocognitive development; however, its mechanism(s) of action remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of a dietary MFGM supplement on the lipid profiles of different neonatal brain regions. Ten-day-old male piglets (4−5 kg) were fed unsupplemented infant formula (control, n = 7) or an infant formula supplemented with low (4%) or high (8%) levels of MFGM (n = 8 each) daily for 21 days.

Metabolome and microbiome profiling of a stress-sensitive rat model of gut-brain axis dysfunction.

Stress negatively impacts gut and brain health. Individual differences in response to stress have been linked to genetic and environmental factors and more recently, a role for the gut microbiota in the regulation of stress-related changes has been demonstrated. However, the mechanisms by which these factors influence each other are poorly understood, and there are currently no established robust biomarkers of stress susceptibility.

An expert system feedback tool improves the reliability of clinical gait kinematics for older adults with lower limb osteoarthritis.

Recently, an expert system was developed to provide feedback to examiners with the aim of improving reliability of marker-based gait analysis. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of this novel feedback tool in improving the reliability of gait analysis for individuals with lower limb osteoarthritis. Three-dimensional gait analysis was conducted for n=27 individuals, at two different time points, and during each session the feedback tool was used to refine marker placement.

Kinematic gait patterns and their relationship to pain in mild-to-moderate hip osteoarthritis.

Background: Mild-to-moderate hip osteoarthritis is often managed clinically in a non-surgical manner. Effective non-surgical management of this population requires characterizing the specific impairments within this group. To date, a complete description of all lower extremity kinematics in mild-to-moderate hip osteoarthritis patients has not been presented.

Human oral isolate Lactobacillus fermentum AGR1487 induces a pro-inflammatory response in germ-free rat colons.

Lactobacilli are thought to be beneficial for human health, with lactobacilli-associated infections being confined to immune-compromised individuals. However, Lactobacillus fermentum AGR1487 negatively affects barrier integrity in vitro so we hypothesized that it caused a pro-inflammatory response in the host. We compared germ-free rats inoculated with AGR1487 to those inoculated with another L.

Human Breast Milk and Infant Formulas Differentially Modify the Intestinal Microbiota in Human Infants and Host Physiology in Rats.

Background: In the absence of human breast milk, infant and follow-on formulas can still promote efficient growth and development. However, infant formulas can differ in their nutritional value.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the effects of human milk (HM) and infant formulas in human infants and a weanling rat model.

Does tester experience influence the reliability with which 3D gait kinematics are collected in healthy adults?

Objectives: To determine whether tester experience influences the reliability of three-dimensional gait collections.

Design: Reliability study.

Participants: Ten healthy subjects visited a university gait laboratory on two separate days and underwent a walking gait analysis.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of lower limb neuromuscular alterations associated with knee osteoarthritis during level walking.

Background: Neuromuscular alterations are increasingly reported in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) during level walking. We aimed to determine which neuromuscular alterations are consistent in KOA individuals and how these may be influenced by osteoarthritis severity, varus alignment and/or joint laxity.

Methods: Electronic databases were searched up to July 2012.

Impact of dietary dairy polar lipids on lipid metabolism of mice fed a high-fat diet.

The effect of milk polar lipids on lipid metabolism of liver, adipose tissue, and brain and on composition of intestinal microbiota was investigated. C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 5 weeks, followed by 5 weeks with HFD without (control) or supplemented with total polar lipids (TPL), phospholipids (PL), or sphingolipids (SPL). Animals fed SPL showed a tendency for lower triglyceride synthesis (P = 0.

Hyperventilation-induced hypocapnic alkalosis slows the adaptation of pulmonary O2 uptake during the transition to moderate-intensity exercise.

The effect of voluntary hyperventilation-induced hypocapnic alkalosis (RALK) on pulmonary O2 uptake (VO2) kinetics and muscle deoxygenation was examined in young male adults (n=8) during moderate-intensity exercise. Subjects performed five repetitions of a step-transition in work rate from 20 W cycling to a work rate corresponding to 90% of the estimated lactate threshold during control (CON; PET,CO2, approximately 40 mmHg) and during hyperventilation (RALK; PET,CO2, approximately 20 mmHg). was measured breath-by-breath and relative concentration changes in muscle deoxy- (DeltaHHb), oxy- (DeltaO2Hb) and total (DeltaHbtot) haemoglobin were measured continuously using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy (Hamamatsu, NIRO 300).