Longitudinal Associations between Sensory Difficulty and Motor Impairment and Incident Dementia in the National Health and Aging Trends Study.

Background: Impairments in sensory and motor function are common and have been independently linked with higher risk of dementia in older adults. Yet, there is limited information associated with the increasing number of such impairments and dementia risk. This study investigated longitudinal associations between sensory and motor impairment and dementia in older adults.

Physical activity and amyloid onset age: Findings from three studies of community‐dwelling adults.

Background: Higher levels of physical activity, measured through accelerometry, have shown associations with several indices of brain and cognitive health in middle‐to‐late aged individuals. The association of physical activity and AD‐specific biomarkers measured through positron emission tomography (PET), however, remains unclear. Previous studies show no direct association of physical activity with amyloid‐PET levels, but associations with the onset of amyloid positivity remain unexplored.

Relationship between skeletal mitochondrial function and digital markers of free-living physical activity in older adults.

This study examined the association between in vivo skeletal mitochondrial function and digital free-living physical activity patterns-a measure that summarizes biological, phenotypic, functional, and environmental effects on mobility. Among 459 participants (mean age 68 years; 55% women) in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, mitochondrial function was quantified as skeletal muscle oxidative capacity via post-exercise phosphocreatine recovery rate (τ) in the vastus lateralis muscle of the left thigh, using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Accelerometry was collected using a 7-day, 24-h wrist-worn protocol and summarized into activity amount, intensity, endurance, and accumulation patterning metrics.

Differences in Daily Physical Activity by Alzheimer's Risk Markers Among Older Adults.

Background: Daily physical activity patterns differ by Alzheimer's disease (AD) status and might signal cognitive risk. It is critical to understand whether patterns are disrupted early in the AD pathological process. Yet, whether established AD risk markers (β-amyloid [Aβ] or apolipoprotein E-ε4 [APOE-ε4]) are associated with differences in objectively measured activity patterns among cognitively unimpaired older adults is unclear.

Effect of Isocaloric, Time-Restricted Eating on Body Weight in Adults With Obesity : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Time-restricted eating (TRE) lowers body weight in many studies. Whether TRE induces weight loss independent of reductions in calorie intake, as seen in rodent studies, is unknown.

Objective: To determine the effect of TRE versus a usual eating pattern (UEP) on body weight in the setting of stable caloric intake.

Physical Activity Intensity and Risk of Dementia.

Introduction: Regular participation in aerobic physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of dementia. It is currently unclear whether this association is due to the total volume or intensity of physical activity.

Methods: This prospective cohort study analyzed 386,486 adults from the UK Biobank who were free of dementia and self-reported >0 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) at baseline (2007-2010).

Renewed calls for abortion-related research in the post-Roe era.

Nearly 50 years after Roe versus Wade, the United States Supreme Court's decision in Dobbs versus Jackson Women's Health Organization unraveled the constitutional right to abortion, allowing individual states to severely restrict or ban the procedure. In response, leading medical, public health, and community organizations have renewed calls for research to elucidate and address the burgeoning social and medical consequences of new abortion restrictions. Abortion research not only includes studies that establish the safety, quality, and efficacy of evidence-based abortion care protocols, but also encompasses studies on the availability of abortion care, the consequences of being denied an abortion, and the legal and social burdens surrounding abortion.

Walking energetics and white matter hyperintensities in mid-to-late adulthood.

Introduction: White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) increase with age and contribute to cognitive and motor function decline. Energy costs for mobility worsen with age, as the energetic cost of walking increases and energetic capacity declines. We examined the cross-sectional associations of multiple measures of walking energetics with WMHs in mid- to late-aged adults.

Shared and Distinct Associations of Manual Dexterity and Gross Motor Function With Brain Atrophy.

Background: Poor motor function is associated with brain atrophy and cognitive impairment. Less is known about the relationship between motor domains and brain atrophy and whether associations are affected by cerebrovascular burden and/or physical activity.

Methods: We analyzed data from 726 Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging participants (mean age 70.

Toward a Social Bioethics Through Interpretivism: A Framework for Healthcare Ethics.

Recent global events demonstrate that analytical frameworks to aid professionals in healthcare ethics must consider the pervasive role of social structures in the emergence of bioethical issues. To address this, the authors propose a new sociologically informed approach to healthcare ethics that they term "social bioethics." Their approach is animated by the interpretive social sciences to highlight how social structures operate vis-à-vis the everyday practices and moral reasoning of individuals, a phenomenon known as social discourse.

Transcranial Color-Coded Doppler Cerebral Hemodynamics Following Aerobic Exercise Training: Outcomes From a Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.

Introduction: An active lifestyle with regular exercise is thought to decrease or delay the onset of Alzheimer dementia through increasing blood flow to the brain. We examined the mean flow velocity (MFV) and pulsatility index (PI) in the middle cerebral arteries of individuals randomized into two groups-a Usual Physical Activity (UPA) group and an Enhanced Physical Activity (EPA) exercise intervention group-to determine if exercise training is related to changes in cerebral blood flow.

Methods: We examined 23 participants, randomized into a UPA group (n=12) and an EPA group (n=11), with transcranial color-coded Doppler (TCCD) and cardiorespiratory fitness (VOpeak, mL/kg/min) testing at baseline and following a 26-week intervention.

Wrist-Worn Accelerometry, Aging, and Gait Speed in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.

Wrist-worn accelerometry metrics are not well defined in older adults. Accelerometry data from 720 participants (mean age 70 years, 55% women) were summarized into (a) total activity counts per day, (b) active minutes per day, (c) active bouts per day, and (d) activity fragmentation (the reciprocal of the mean active bout length). Linear regression and mixed-effects models were utilized to estimate associations between age and gait speed with wrist accelerometry.

A Rapid Review of "Low-Threshold" Psychiatric Medication Prescribing: Considerations for Street Medicine and Beyond.

Objective: No widely accepted clinical guidelines, and scant directly applicable pragmatic research, are available to guide the prescription of psychiatric medications in "low-threshold" outpatient settings, such as street outreach, urgent care, and crisis care, as well as walk-in, shelter, and bridge and transition clinics. Providers frequently prescribe medications in these settings without patients' having firm psychiatric diagnoses and without medical records to guide clinical decision making. Persons who receive medications in these settings often seek help voluntarily and intermittently for mental illness symptoms.

Validation of accelerometer placement to capture energy expenditure using doubly labeled water.

This study compared accelerometer-measured physical activity by body placement to daily total energy expenditure (TEE) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) measured using doubly labeled water (DLW). Forty-nine adult participants wore accelerometers placed on the nondominant wrist, dominant wrist, and chest while also undergoing DLW assessments. In adjusted models, wrist-measured physical activity ( < 0.

Cardiorespiratory fitness and cognition in persons at risk for Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: This study examined the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and longitudinal cognitive functioning in a cohort enriched with risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: A total of 155 enrollees in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention completed repeat comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations that assessed six cognitive domains. Peak oxygen consumption (VOpeak) was the primary measure of CRF.

Pain, But Not Physical Activity, Is Associated with Gray Matter Volume Differences in Gulf War Veterans with Chronic Pain.

Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) is a significant burden for Persian Gulf War Veterans (GWVs), yet the causes are poorly understood. Brain structure abnormalities are observed in GWVs, however relationships with modifiable lifestyle factors such as physical activity (PA) are unknown. We evaluated gray matter volumes and associations with symptoms, PA, and sedentary time in GWVs with and without CMP.

Impact of Time in Motion on Blood Pressure Regulation Among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.

Purpose Of Review: This review assessed recent evidence on the association between objectively measured physical activity from wearable accelerometers and blood pressure (BP) in participants with metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Recent Findings: Results directly related to BP were mixed, with some studies showing positive associations and others showing null results. Importantly, several studies noted that participants with MetS demonstrated greater improvements in components of MetS after engaging in higher amounts of daily physical activity.

Daily Physical Activity Patterns as a Window on Cognitive Diagnosis in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA).

Background: Gradual disengagement from daily physical activity (PA) could signal present or emerging mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objective: This study examined whether accelerometry-derived patterns of everyday movement differ by cognitive diagnosis in participants of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA).

Methods: Activity patterns, overall and by time-of-day, were cross-sectionally compared between participants with adjudicated normal cognition (n = 549) and MCI/AD diagnoses (n = 36; 5 participants [14%] living with AD) using covariate-adjusted regression models.

Cardiopulmonary, metabolic, and perceptual responses during exercise in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): A Multi-site Clinical Assessment of ME/CFS (MCAM) sub-study.

Background: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing has demonstrated clinical utility in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). However, to what extent exercise responses are independent of, or confounded by, aerobic fitness remains unclear.

Purpose: To characterize and compare exercise responses in ME/CFS and controls with and without matching for aerobic fitness.

Five-year changes in objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and sedentary time in mid-to-late adulthood.

This study examined 5-year changes in cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and sedentary time in mid-to-late aged adults. Fifty-seven participants completed baseline and follow-up treadmill exercise tests and physical activity monitoring. We observed a 14% decline in fitness ( < 0.

Energetic Cost of Walking and Brain Atrophy in Mid-to-Late Life.

Background: Higher energetic costs for mobility are associated with declining gait speed, and slow gait is linked to cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. However, the physiological underpinnings of gait and brain health have not been well explored. We examined the associations of the energetic cost of walking with brain volume in cognitively unimpaired adults from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.

Long-term television viewing patterns and gray matter brain volume in midlife.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether long-term television viewing patterns, a common sedentary behavior, in early to mid-adulthood is associated with gray matter brain volume in midlife and if this is independent of physical activity. We evaluated 599 participants (51% female, 44% black, mean age 30.3 ± 3.

Association of walking energetics with amyloid beta status: Findings from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.

Introduction: Higher energetic costs for mobility predict gait speed decline. Slow gait is linked to cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether the energetic cost of walking is linked to AD pathology is unknown.