Sulfur dioxide in the mid-infrared transmission spectrum of WASP-39b.

The recent inference of sulfur dioxide (SO) in the atmosphere of the hot (approximately 1,100 K), Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b from near-infrared JWST observations suggests that photochemistry is a key process in high-temperature exoplanet atmospheres. This is because of the low (<1 ppb) abundance of SO under thermochemical equilibrium compared with that produced from the photochemistry of HO and HS (1-10 ppm). However, the SO inference was made from a single, small molecular feature in the transmission spectrum of WASP-39b at 4.

A broadband thermal emission spectrum of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-18b.

Close-in giant exoplanets with temperatures greater than 2,000 K ('ultra-hot Jupiters') have been the subject of extensive efforts to determine their atmospheric properties using thermal emission measurements from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Spitzer Space Telescope. However, previous studies have yielded inconsistent results because the small sizes of the spectral features and the limited information content of the data resulted in high sensitivity to the varying assumptions made in the treatment of instrument systematics and the atmospheric retrieval analysis. Here we present a dayside thermal emission spectrum of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-18b obtained with the NIRISS instrument on the JWST.

Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRISS.

The Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b has been the subject of extensive efforts to determine its atmospheric properties using transmission spectroscopy. However, these efforts have been hampered by modelling degeneracies between composition and cloud properties that are caused by limited data quality. Here we present the transmission spectrum of WASP-39b obtained using the Single-Object Slitless Spectroscopy (SOSS) mode of the Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) instrument on the JWST.

Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec G395H.

Measuring the abundances of carbon and oxygen in exoplanet atmospheres is considered a crucial avenue for unlocking the formation and evolution of exoplanetary systems. Access to the chemical inventory of an exoplanet requires high-precision observations, often inferred from individual molecular detections with low-resolution space-based and high-resolution ground-based facilities. Here we report the medium-resolution (R ≈ 600) transmission spectrum of an exoplanet atmosphere between 3 and 5 μm covering several absorption features for the Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b (ref.

Detection of titanium oxide in the atmosphere of a hot Jupiter.

As an exoplanet transits its host star, some of the light from the star is absorbed by the atoms and molecules in the planet's atmosphere, causing the planet to seem bigger; plotting the planet's observed size as a function of the wavelength of the light produces a transmission spectrum. Measuring the tiny variations in the transmission spectrum, together with atmospheric modelling, then gives clues to the properties of the exoplanet's atmosphere. Chemical species composed of light elements-such as hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, sodium and potassium-have in this way been detected in the atmospheres of several hot giant exoplanets, but molecules composed of heavier elements have thus far proved elusive.

Frequency of cardiovascular events in women with a congenitally bicuspid aortic valve in a single community and effect of pregnancy on events.

Pregnancy and congenitally bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) are thought to be risk factors for aortic dissection; however, the population-based risk for patients with the 2 risk factors remains unknown. We investigated the relation between pregnancy and ascending aortic events in women with congenital BAV living in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Our institutional echocardiographic database was searched for women residing in Olmsted County with congenital BAV diagnosed from 1980 to 1999.

Papillary fibroelastomas in 19 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy undergoing septal myectomy.

Background: The aim of this study was to characterize papillary fibroelastomas (PFEs) and their clinical sequelae in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). PFE is the third most common primary cardiac tumor and can be associated with neurologic events. Because endocardial trauma has been implicated in its pathogenesis, the occurrence and outcomes of PFEs in patients with HCM were retrospectively analyzed in this study.

Location of coronary culprit lesions at autopsy in 41 nondiabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Background: Coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction (MI) are major causes of patient morbidity, hospital mortality, and out-of-hospital sudden death. The precise location of culprit lesions in acute MI at autopsy has not been reported.

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective histopathologic autopsy study was to determine the distribution of coronary culprit lesions in acute fatal MI.

Short- and long-term efficacy of aspirin and clopidogrel for thromboprophylaxis for mechanical heart valves: an in vivo study in swine.

Objective: In the interest of exploring alternatives to warfarin, we tested the hypothesis that clopidogrel combined with aspirin is effective for thromboprophylaxis of mechanical valves using a swine model.

Methods: Adult swine underwent heterotopic implantation of a modified bileaflet mechanical valved conduit bypassing the ligated, native descending thoracic aorta. Animals were randomized to no anticoagulation (n = 7), 175 U/kg dalteparin administered subcutaneously twice daily (n = 9), 325 mg of aspirin (n = 6), 75 mg of clopidogrel (n = 6), or 325 mg of aspirin and 75 mg of clopidogrel daily (n = 6) and survived for 30 days.