Identification of the Adult Hematopoietic Liver as the Primary Reservoir for the Recruitment of Pro-regenerative Macrophages Required for Salamander Limb Regeneration.

The lack of scar-free healing and regeneration in many adult human tissues imposes severe limitations on the recovery of function after injury. In stark contrast, salamanders can functionally repair a range of clinically relevant tissues throughout adult life. The impressive ability to regenerate whole limbs after amputation, or regenerate following cardiac injury, is critically dependent on the recruitment of (myeloid) macrophage white blood cells to the site of injury.

Distinct toll-like receptor signaling in the salamander response to tissue damage.

Background: Efficient wound healing or pathogen clearance both rely on balanced inflammatory responses. Inflammation is essential for effective innate immune-cell recruitment; however, excessive inflammation will result in local tissue destruction, pathogen egress, and ineffective pathogen clearance. Sterile and nonsterile inflammation operate with competing functional priorities but share common receptors and overlapping signal transduction pathways.

The Use of Live Cell Imaging and Automated Image Analysis to Assist With Determining Optimal Parameters for Angiogenic Assay .

Testing angiogenic potential and function of cells in culture is important for the understanding of the mechanisms that can modulate angiogenesis, especially when discovering novel anti- or pro-angiogenic therapeutics. Commonly used angiogenic assays include tube formation, proliferation, migration, and wound healing, and although well-characterized, it is important that methodology is standardized and reproducible. Human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are critical for post-natal vascular homeostasis and can be isolated from human peripheral blood.

Methods for axolotl blood collection, intravenous injection, and efficient leukocyte isolation from peripheral blood and the regenerating limb.

The vertebrate immune system comprises both adaptive and innate immune cells with distinct functions during the resolution of inflammation and wound healing after tissue injury. Recent evidence implicates a requirement for innate immune cells from the myeloid lineage during the early stages of limb regeneration in the Mexican axolotl. Understanding the functions of innate and adaptive immune cells in the axolotl has been hampered by a lack of approaches to isolate and analyze these cells.