Collegiate Student-Athletes' Use and Knowledge of Third-Party-Tested Nutritional Supplements: An Exploratory Study.

Context: Nutritional supplement use in athletes is common, accompanied by potential doping risk.

Objective: To determine athletes' nutritional supplement and third-party-tested (TPT) supplement use, supplement knowledge, and factors influencing their behavior.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Explorative Characterization of GI Complaints, General Physical and Mental Wellbeing, and Gut Microbiota in Trained Recreative and Competitive Athletes with or without Self-Reported Gastrointestinal Symptoms.

The current state of the literature lacks a clear characterization of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, gut microbiota composition, and general physical and mental wellbeing in well-trained athletes. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize differences in self-reported symptoms, gut microbiota composition, and wellbeing (i.e.

Development of a screener to assess athlete risk behavior of not using third-party tested nutritional supplements.

Introduction: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to develop an algorithm to predict athletes use of third-party tested (TPT) supplements. Therefore, a nutritional supplement questionnaire was used with a section about self-reported TPT supplement use.

Methods: Outcomes were randomly assigned to a training dataset to identify predictors using logistic regression models, or a cross-validation dataset.

Validity of combined hydration self-assessment measurements to estimate a low vs. high urine concentration in a small sample of (tactical) athletes.

Purpose: Relationships between body weight, urine color (Uc), and thirst level (WUT) have been proposed as a simple and inexpensive self-assessment method to predict dehydration. This study aimed to determine if this method also allowed us to accurately identify a low vs. high urine concentration in (tactical) athletes.

Curiosity and intentions to use myblu e-cigarettes and an examination of the 'gateway' theory: Data from cross-sectional nationally representative surveys.

Encouraging adult smokers who are uninterested or unwilling to quit, and would otherwise continue to smoke, to transition to potentially less harmful nicotine products such as electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) may positively impact population health. However, counterbalancing this benefit is the societal concern that ENDS may be used by never smokers and youth and serve as a 'gateway' into cigarette smoking. Data were analysed from two independent surveys of the prevalence and perceptions of myblu ENDS use in the United States.

Examination of the impact of myblu electronic nicotine delivery system e-liquid nicotine strength on self-reported measures of dependence.

Background: Greater nicotine delivery is associated with higher nicotine concentrations in electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) liquids. However, there is a current debate as to whether this leads to increased dependence and mitigates ENDS public health potential.

Methods: Self-reported dependence among users of myblu ENDS containing different nicotine concentrations was examined with data from a multiwave cross-sectional survey of US young adults and adults.

A randomised, crossover, clinical study to assess nicotine pharmacokinetics and subjective effects of the BIDI stick ENDS compared with combustible cigarettes and a comparator ENDS in adult smokers.

Background: Nicotine pharmacokinetic assessments of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are crucial to understand their ability to provide an alternative to cigarette smoking. Subjective effects data also strongly contribute to this understanding. The BIDI Stick is a disposable ENDS product which contains 59 mg/ml nicotine benzoate salt and various flavours.

Automated Generation of Personalized Shock Wave Lithotripsy Protocols: Treatment Planning Using Deep Learning.

Background: Though shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) has developed to be one of the most common treatment approaches for nephrolithiasis in recent decades, its treatment planning is often a trial-and-error process based on physicians' subjective judgement. Physicians' inexperience with this modality can lead to low-quality treatment and unnecessary risks to patients.

Objective: To improve the quality and consistency of shock wave lithotripsy treatment, we aimed to develop a deep learning model for generating the next treatment step by previous steps and preoperative patient characteristics and to produce personalized SWL treatment plans in a step-by-step protocol based on the deep learning model.

The Perilous Use of Proxy Variables.

It is often not stated or quantified how well measured proxy variables account for the variance in latent constructs they are intended to represent. A sensitivity analysis was run using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe to estimate models varying in the degree to which proxy variables represent intended constructs. Results showed that parameter estimates differ substantially across different levels of variable representation.

Relationship between smokers' modes of entry into quitlines and treatment outcomes.

Objectives: To assess the relationship between the mode of entry into a quitline service and subsequent tobacco use treatment outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective study using logistic regression analysis of 11,040 Arizona Smokers' Helpline (ASHLine) clients was conducted to determine whether self- or medical referrals were related to 7- and 30-day point prevalence tobacco treatment outcomes at 7 months postquit.

Results: Smokers referred to the ASHLine by a health care provider were more likely to quit smoking than were those who self-referred.