Bilateral rib-to-pelvis growth-friendly spinal surgery for congenital kyphosis in the child with myelomeningocele delays but does not prevent a definitive procedure.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of bilateral rib-to-pelvis distraction instrumentation for the growth-friendly surgical treatment of congenital kyphosis in children with myelomeningocele.

Methods: The clinical courses of nine children (five males, four females), mean age 4.3 years (range 1.

Characterization of Transition Edge Sensors for Decay Energy Spectrometry.

By using a superconducting transition edge sensor (TES) to measure the thermal energy of individual decay events with high energy resolution, decay energy spectrometry provides a unique fingerprint to identify each radionuclide in a sample. The proposed measurement requires optimizing the thermal parameters of the detector for use with 5 MeV scale energy deposited by alpha decay of the sample radionuclides. The thermal performance of deep-etched silicon TES chips is examined with the use of an onboard resistive heater.

Management of Pediatric Type III Tibial Shaft Fractures: A Cohort Study Utilizing the Trauma Quality Improvement Program Database.

Background: Pediatric open tibial fractures represent a challenging subset of injuries with limited literature to guide management. For children, the epidemiology, management, and outcomes of tibial-shaft fractures have not been fully described.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of the Trauma Quality Improvement Program Data Bank from 2017-2020 was used to query demographics, injury patterns, and management strategies in pediatric open tibial fractures.

Reflector variables in augmented reality lineups: Assessing eyewitness identification reliability in children and adults with confidence, response time, and proximity to the lineup.

Attending to the behaviors of eyewitnesses at police lineups could help to determine whether an eyewitness identification is accurate or mistaken. Eyewitness identification decision processes were explored using augmented reality holograms. Children (n = 143; Mage = 10.

Four-dimensional computed tomography and ultrasonography for prediction of pathological parathyroid location: a retrospective review of a single surgeon's patients at a single institution.

Background: Pre-operative imaging is a well-established practice for managing hyperparathyroidism with the plan for excision; however, there is a paucity of information regarding the success rate of concordant imaging studies. Our goal was to compare the accuracy (sensitivity) of four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) and ultrasound (US) when predicting the side and quadrant of parathyroid lesions, confirmed with surgical location (from a single surgeon).

Methods: A retrospective review of 437 patients from a single surgeon undergoing parathyroidectomy from December 2013 to January 2020 at an academic medical center was performed.

Absolute-judgment models better predict eyewitness decision-making than do relative-judgment models.

When presented with a lineup, the witness is tasked with identifying the culprit or indicating that the culprit is not present. The witness then qualifies the decision with a confidence judgment. But how do witnesses go about making these decisions and judgments? According to absolute-judgment models, witnesses determine which lineup member provides the strongest match to memory and base their identification decision and confidence judgment on the absolute strength of this MAX lineup member.

Rib-on-Pelvis Deformity and Reported Pain in Neuromuscular Early-Onset Scoliosis.

Background: Neuromuscular early-onset scoliosis (N-EOS) often presents with a long sweeping thoracolumbar scoliosis and pelvic obliquity. With severe pelvic obliquity, the ribs come into contact with the high side of the pelvis, termed rib-on-pelvis deformity (ROP). The goal of this study is to evaluate whether ROP is associated with reported pain and other health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures.

Development of Consensus-Based Best Practice Guidelines for the Perioperative and Postoperative Care of Pediatric Patients With Spinal Deformity and Programmable Implanted Devices.

Study Design: Modified Delphi consensus study.

Objective: To develop consensus-based best practices for the care of pediatric patients who have implanted programmable devices (IPDs) and require spinal deformity surgery.

Summary Of Background Data: Implanted programmable devices (IPDs) are often present in patients with neuromuscular or syndromic scoliosis who require spine surgery.

How do implants overlying the spine influence "The Law of Diminishing Returns" in early-onset scoliosis patients?

Purpose: The "law of diminishing returns" (LODR) in early-onset scoliosis (EOS) is well-known. We hypothesized that previously observed variations between constructs may be related to the lateral distance that each construct lies from the spine. We therefore sought to determine whether the curve magnitude improvement and spinal length gains for distraction-based constructs in EOS are positively correlated with the collinearity of the spine and the convex-sided implant on posteroanterior radiographs.

Liquid scintillation efficiencies, gamma-ray emission intensities, and half-life for Gd-153.

Gadolinium-153 was standardized for activity by live-timed anticoincidence counting and an ampoule was submitted to the international reference system (SIR). Absolute emission intensities for the main γ rays were determined with calibrated high-purity germanium (HPGe) and lithium-drifted silicon (Si(Li)) detectors. A revised decay scheme is indicated, with no probability of direct electron capture to the Eu ground state.

Comparison of calibration coefficients for a vinten ionization chamber simulated using four Monte Carlo methods.

The Vinten 671 ionization chamber (VIC) was modelled using Monte Carlo (MC) programs EGSnrc, Penelope, and TOPAS. Several national measurement institutes have VICs with well-characterized response relationships and have measured calibration coefficients for many radionuclides. Twelve radionuclides with various decay emissions were assessed as well as 14 monoenergetic photon sources and 10 monoenergetic electron sources.

Gravimetric deposition of microliter drops with radiometric confirmation.

A manual microliter gravimetric dispensing technique is demonstrated using a micropipettor modified for use with removeable microcapillaries. Liquid scintillation sources were prepared from a well-characterized Am reference solution, providing a radiometric check of dispensed masses. Further experiments confirmed controlled dispensing of drops onto gold foils with losses ≤0.

Catching wanted people at the border: prospective person memory and face matching in border control decisions.

Border control officers may be on the lookout for wanted people while they verify that travellers match their passport photos. We developed a novel experimental paradigm to investigate whether people are more likely to report that someone is wanted if they also believe that person is using a fraudulent passport. In two experiments, undergraduate students assumed the role of a border control officer and completed multiple "shifts" of a face matching task designed to simulate a passport verification check.

The international reference system for beta-particle emitting radionuclides: Validation through the pilot study CCRI(II)-P1.Co-60.

The Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) is developing a new transfer instrument to extend its centralized services for assessing the international equivalence of radioactive standards to new radionuclides. A liquid scintillation counter using the triple/double coincidence ratio method is being studied and tested in the CCRI(II)-P1.Co-60 pilot study.

Estimation of eyewitness error rates in fair and biased lineups.

Objective: The risk of mistaken identification for innocent suspects in lineups can be estimated by correcting the overall error rate by the number of people in the lineup. We compared this nominal size correction to a new effective size correction, which adjusts the error rate for the number of plausible lineup members.

Hypotheses: We hypothesized that (a) increasing lineup bias would increase misidentifications of a designated innocent suspect; (b) with the effective size correction, increasing lineup bias would also increase the estimate of innocent-suspect misidentifications; and (c) with the nominal size correction, lineup bias would have no effect on the estimate of innocent-suspect misidentifications.

Rib-to-spine and rib-to-pelvis magnetically controlled growing rods: does the law of diminishing returns still apply?

Purpose: The Law Of Diminishing Returns (LODR) has been demonstrated for traditional growing rods, but there is conflicting data regarding the lengthening behavior of Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods (MCGR). This study examines a cohort of patients with early-onset scoliosis (EOS) with rib-to-spine or rib-to-pelvis-based MCGR implants to determine if they demonstrate the LODR, and if there are differences in lengthening behaviors between the groups.

Methods: A prospectively collected multicenter EOS registry was queried for patients with MCGR with a minimum 2-year follow-up.

Primary standardization of Pb activity by liquid scintillation counting.

An activity standard for Pb in equilibrium with its progeny was realized, based on triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) liquid scintillation (LS) counting. A Monte Carlo-based approach to estimating uncertainties due to nuclear decay data (branching ratios, beta endpoint energies, γ-ray energies, and conversion coefficients for Pb and Tl) led to combined standard uncertainties ≤ 0.20 %.

Association of Socioeconomic Status With Relapse After Ponseti Method Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfeet.

Background: The Ponseti method is today's standard treatment of idiopathic talipes equinovarus (ITEV). Compliance with foot abduction bracing (FABO) and socioeconomic factors have been shown to impact treatment outcome. We wished to further study socioeconomic factors using the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), a more comprehensive way to evaluate socioeconomic status, which has not been done before.

Reliability of radiographic assessment of growth modulation from anterior vertebral body tethering surgery in pediatric scoliosis.

Purpose: To assess the reliability of vertebral height and angular measurements for anterior vertebral body tethering (AVBT).

Methods: Eight observers measured PA radiographs of 15 idiopathic scoliosis patients treated with AVBT, pre-operative and 4-year follow-up. Vertebral wedging, disc wedging, convex vertebral body heights, and concave vertebral body heights of the 3 apical vertebrae were measured.

The demographics of talipes equinovarus in Indiana, with a particular emphasis on comparisons between clubfoot types.

Talipes equinovarus (TEV) can be an isolated idiopathic deformity or associated with various syndromes. The purpose of our study was to examine the demographics of TEV in Indiana. All TEV patients from 2010 to 2019 from our institution were reviewed, recording standard demographic variables.

Current dichotomous metrics obscure trends in severe and extreme child growth failure.

Historically, the prevalence of child growth failure (CGF) has been tracked dichotomously as the proportion of children more than 2 SDs below the median of the World Health Organization growth standards. However, this conventional "thresholding" approach fails to recognize child growth as a spectrum and obscures trends in populations with the highest rates of CGF. Our analysis presents the first ever estimates of entire distributions of HAZ, WHZ, and WAZ for each of 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020 for children less than 5 years old by age group and sex.

Evaluating the Efficacy of Rib-to-pelvis Growth-friendly Surgery for the Treatment of Non-ambulatory Early-Onset Scoliosis Myelomeningocele Patients.

Introduction: Early-onset scoliosis (EOS) is a well-known orthopaedic manifestation in patients with myelomeningocele. The rib-based growing system (RBGS) has been proposed as an alternative for these individuals because of the poor outcomes with traditional surgical techniques. We aimed to describe the effect of RBGS in patients with nonambulatory EOS myelomeningocele.

Prolonged Brace Treatment Does Not Result in Improved Acetabular Indices in Infantile Dislocated Hips.

Background: The Pavlik harness (PH) is commonly used to treat infantile dislocated hips. However, significant variability exists in the duration of brace treatment after successful reduction of the dislocated hip. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of prescribed time in brace on acetabular index (AI) at two years of age using a prospective, international, multicenter database.