Low complication rate associated with raising mature flap for tibial nonunion reconstruction.

Background: Tibia fractures may require soft tissue coverage with transposed tissue and can develop nonunions. Tibial defects can be approached with a posterolateral approach or by elevating the previously transposed tissue. No literature has previously reported the efficacy or safety of the latter approach.

Operative treatment of chest wall injuries: indications, technique, and outcomes.

Most injuries to the chest wall with residual deformity do not result in long-term respiratory dysfunction unless they are associated with pulmonary contusion. Indications for operative fixation include flail chest, reduction of pain and disability, a chest wall deformity or defect, symptomatic nonunion, thoracotomy for other indications, and open fractures. Operative indications for chest wall injuries are rare.

Cobb angle progression in adolescent scoliosis begins at the intervertebral disc.

Study Design: Longitudinal radiographic study of patients with progressive idiopathic scoliosis.

Objective: To determine the relative contributions of vertebral and disc wedging to the increase in Cobb angle during 3 phases of adolescent skeletal growth and maturation.

Summary Of Background Data: Both disc wedging and vertebral body wedging are found in progressive scoliosis, but their relative contribution to curve progression over time is unknown.

Outcome of single incision flexor hallucis longus transfer for chronic achilles tendinopathy.

Background: Chronic Achilles tendinopathy may require tendon transfer for treatment. Relatively few studies have reported the clinical outcome for flexor hallucis longus (FHL) transfer for chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Both single and double incision techniques have been reported.