Sex Differences in Adult Incarceration After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury.

Pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) is a major risk factor associated with adulthood incarceration. Most research into the link between pTBI and adulthood incarceration has focused on incarcerated males, who comprise the vast majority of incarcerated adults, particularly in industrialized nations. In this review, we sought to identify sex-related differences in the incidence and pathophysiology of pTBI and subsequent risk of adulthood incarceration.

Shared Objective Mentorship via Virtual Research and Education Initiatives for Medical Students and Residents in Neurosurgery: A Systematic Review and Methodological Discussion of the Neurosurgery Education and Research Virtual Group Experience.

Objective: Virtual mentorship and research programs are becoming increasingly popular to facilitate education and career development for students and residents. We review virtual research initiatives for early trainees in neurosurgery and describe our effort to expand access to resources and shared objective mentorship (SOM) via the novel Neurosurgery Education and Research Virtual Group (NERVE).

Methods: A systematic review of neurosurgical programming delivered via a virtual platform was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases.

The Perceived Utility of 3 Online Resources for Medical Student Neurosurgery Education.

Objective: Neurosurgery has a high barrier of educational access for medical students. The Medical Student Neurosurgery Training Center (MSNTC) is a novel online learning platform that provides on-site and virtual training opportunities and resources that aim to increase student access to neurosurgical education. The objective of this article was to describe student-reported utility of Medical Student Neurosurgery Training Center educational resources.

Distance Learning for Medical Students without a Neurosurgery Interest Group.

Objective: Interest groups for medical students (MSs) facilitate interest and engagement in neurosurgery. Students without interest groups are at a disadvantage as a result of greater barriers to exposure. We aimed to compare the usefulness of a virtual neurosurgery training camp for MSs with and without interest groups.

Increasing Equity in Medical Student Neurosurgery Education Through Distance Learning.

Objective: Addressing equitable opportunities for medical student (MS) education is important for minimizing disparities in neurosurgical care. However, international MSs, particularly from low- and middle-middle income countries (LMICs) may lack access to educational opportunities compared with their contemporaries in high-income countries. We compare the usefulness of virtual neurosurgery training camps (VNTC) between U.

Utility of Virtual Spine Neurosurgery Education for Medical Students.

Objective: Distance learning has become increasingly important to expand access to neurosurgical spine education. However, emerging online spine education initiatives have largely focused on residents, fellows, and surgeons in practice. We aimed to assess the utility of online neurosurgical spine education for medical students regarding career interests, knowledge, and technical skills.

Reevaluating Innovations in Medical Student Neurosurgery Education: Lessons Learned Today from Data Collected Before COVID-19.

Objective: Virtual learning has made neurosurgery education more available to medical students (MSs) of all stages than ever before. We aimed to evaluate the impact of on-site learning in order to assess whether a return to this method of teaching, when safe, is warranted for MSs of all years.

Methods: Registrants of the 2019 MS Neurosurgery Training Camps were sent precourse and postcourse surveys to assess changes in self-assessed confidence in concrete neurosurgical skills.

Qualitative Methodology for Planning and Executing In-Person and Virtual Neurosurgery Educational Opportunities for Medical Students: Lessons Learned from Five Years of Medical Student Neurosurgery Training Center Initiatives.

Introduction: There is a growing need for collaborative and broad-scale medical student neurosurgery educational initiatives. Here, we propose a comprehensive methodology and structure for hosting both in-person and virtual learning opportunities for early trainees interested in clinical neurosciences.

Methods: We conducted an internal review of educational courses hosted by Medical Student Neurosurgery Training Center from 2017 to 2022.

Neurosurgical Education for Medical Students: A Scoping Review.

Neurosurgeons have a rich history of involvement in medical student education. We review the scope of related published works with the goal of highlighting recently increased efforts to innovate in neurosurgical education and discuss where future efforts must go. A scoping review was performed after comprehensive search of PubMed MEDLINE and Embase databases.

The role of medical school prestige and location in neurosurgery residency placement: An analysis of data from 2016 to 2020.

Objective: There remains a gap in the literature analyzing how categorical variables may affect the highly competitive neurosurgery residency application process for MD Seniors in the United States. We aimed to improve understanding of the impact of medical school prestige and geographic location on candidacy for neurosurgery residency.

Methods: Schools were stratified into high and low prestige cohorts based on the U.

Virtual Neurosurgery Education for Medical Students without Home Residency Programs: A Survey of 2020 Virtual Neurosurgery Training Camp Attendees.

Objective: To examine the perceived effectiveness of the virtual neurosurgery training camps (VNTC) among medical students with (HP) and without (NHP) home neurosurgery residency programs.

Methods: A survey assessing demographics, baseline interests, and ratings of usefulness and interest of programming was sent to attendees after the VNTC. Ratings were quantified on modified 7-point Likert scales.

Arachnoid cysts: using prenatal imaging and need for pediatric neurosurgical intervention to better understand their natural history and prognosis.

Objectives: Intracranial arachnoid cysts are commonly characterized as congenital. Evidence to support a congenital origin is scant and documented evolution during infancy also calls into question the genesis of these lesions. To improve our understanding of the natural history and the clinical significance of arachnoid cysts on prenatal ultrasound, we conducted a study to describe the fate of these cysts after initial diagnosis.

Medical Students' Perceived Interests and Concerns for a Career in Neurosurgery.

Objective: The factors that attract and concern medical students about a career in neurosurgery have never been clearly characterized or delineated in a large nationwide cohort of medical students intending to pursue a career in neurosurgery. The objective of the present study was to characterize the factors that influence medical student interest in neurosurgery and assess the effects of a formal neurosurgery training course on participants' perceptions of a career in neurosurgery.

Methods: Before the Medical Student Neurosurgery Training Camp for subinternship preparation, registered students were surveyed about their interest level in neurosurgery, factors that attracted or concerned them about a career in neurosurgery, attendance at a national neurosurgery conference or course, formal clinical neurosurgery exposure in medical school, and whether they had a resident or attending mentor in neurosurgery.

Neurosurgery Training Camp for Sub-Internship Preparation: Lessons From the Inaugural Course.

Objective: Historically, medical student education in neurological surgery has generally limited student involvement to assisting in research projects with minimal formal clinical exposure before starting sub-internships and application for the neurosurgery match. Consequently, students have generally had little opportunity to acquire exposure to clinical neurosurgery and attain minimal proficiency. A medical student training camp was created to improve the preparation of medical students for the involvement in neurological surgery activities and sub-internships.

Topical vancomycin for neurosurgery wound prophylaxis: an interim report of a randomized clinical trial on drug safety in a diverse neurosurgical population.

Objective: Postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs) in neurosurgical patients carry a significant risk of increased morbidity and mortality. With SSIs accounting for approximately 20% of nosocomial infections and costing approximately $1.6 billion USD annually, there is a need for additional prophylaxis to improve current standards of care.

In Vivo Femtosecond Laser Subsurface Cortical Microtransections Attenuate Acute Rat Focal Seizures.

Recent evidence shows that seizures propagate primarily through supragranular cortical layers. To selectively modify these circuits, we developed a new technique using tightly focused, femtosecond infrared laser pulses to make as small as ~100 µm-wide subsurface cortical incisions surrounding an epileptic focus. We use this "laser scalpel" to produce subsurface cortical incisions selectively to supragranular layers surrounding an epileptic focus in an acute rodent seizure model.

Running-to-Interrupted Microsuture Technique for Vascular Bypass.

Background: The ideal suturing technique for microvascular anastomosis for neurosurgical bypass procedures remains a point of debate. Simple interrupted sutures are thought to possess higher long-term patency but require more time to place as compared to running sutures.

Objective: To optimize the efficiency of microvascular anastomosis and limit brain ischemia time.

Topical vancomycin to reduce surgical-site infections in neurosurgery: Study protocol for a multi-center, randomized controlled trial.

Surgical-site infections (SSIs) account for 20% of all healthcare-associated infections, are the most common nosocomial infection among surgical patients, and are a focus of quality improvement initiatives. Despite implementation of many quality care measures (e.g.