Use of molecular testing results to analyze the overuse of atypia of undetermined significance in thyroid cytology.

Introduction: The suggested atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) rate for thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsies is 10% or less. Prompted by a high institutional AUS rate, we examined using molecular testing results (MTR) as a potential quality metric tool to reduce the AUS rate. We correlated MTR with AUS cytologic findings, surgical pathology follow-up, and individual pathologist AUS rates.

Large-scale validation study of an improved semiautonomous urine cytology assessment tool: AutoParis-X.

Background: Adopting a computational approach for the assessment of urine cytology specimens has the potential to improve the efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of bladder cancer screening, which has heretofore relied on semisubjective manual assessment methods. As rigorous, quantitative criteria and guidelines have been introduced for improving screening practices (e.g.

Examining longitudinal markers of bladder cancer recurrence through a semiautonomous machine learning system for quantifying specimen atypia from urine cytology.

Background: Urine cytology is generally considered the primary approach for screening for recurrence of bladder cancer. However, it is currently unclear how best to use cytological examinations for assessment and early detection of recurrence, beyond identifying a positive finding that requires more invasive methods to confirm recurrence and decide on therapeutic options. Because screening programs are frequent, and can be burdensome, finding quantitative means to reduce this burden for patients, cytopathologists, and urologists is an important endeavor and can improve both the efficiency and reliability of findings.

Large-scale longitudinal comparison of urine cytological classification systems reveals potential early adoption of The Paris System criteria.

Introduction: Urine cytology is used to screen for urothelial carcinoma in patients with hematuria or risk factors (eg, smoking, industrial dye exposure) and is an essential clinical triage and longitudinal monitoring tool for patients with known bladder cancer. However, urine cytology is semisubjective and thus susceptible to issues including specimen quality, interobserver variability, and "hedging" towards equivocal ("atypical") diagnoses. These factors limit the predictive value of urine cytology and increase reliance on invasive procedures (cystoscopy).

Uncovering additional predictors of urothelial carcinoma from voided urothelial cell clusters through a deep learning-based image preprocessing technique.

Background: Urine cytology is commonly used as a screening test for high-grade urothelial carcinoma for patients with risk factors or hematuria and is an essential step in longitudinal monitoring of patients with previous bladder cancer history. However, the semisubjective nature of current reporting systems for urine cytology (e.g.

Using molecular testing to improve the management of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology: an institutional experience with review of molecular alterations.

Introduction: Molecular testing has helped clinicians and cytopathologists to further categorize indeterminate thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) specimens. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of commercially available molecular tests, review their effects on patient treatment, and correlate the molecular alterations with the histologic findings.

Materials And Methods: A pathology laboratory information system search identified thyroid FNAs performed at our institution between January 1, 2015 and June 30, 2020.

Atypia of undetermined significance in thyroid cytology: Nuclear atypia and architectural atypia are associated with different molecular alterations and risks of malignancy.

Background: The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology contains an atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) category with heterogeneous and distinct inclusion criteria. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in malignancy rates and molecular alterations based on the presence of different criteria.

Methods: A laboratory information search was conducted to identify thyroid fine-needle aspiration specimens signed out as AUS.

Two-tiered subdivision of atypia on urine cytology can improve patient follow-up and optimize the utility of UroVysion.

Background: The annual incidence of urothelial carcinoma continues to increase, and it is projected that greater than 70,000 new cases will occur in the year 2015. However, as much as 23% of cytologic specimens will demonstrate some degree of atypia without meeting the criteria for urothelial carcinoma and thus will be reported as atypical.

Methods: The authors conducted 2 laboratory information searches and 1 survey.