Microstructural analysis does not support altered interhemispheric wiring of the human anterior commissure in corpus callosum dysgenesis.

Background: Individuals with corpus callosum dysgenesis (CCD) lack the clear disconnection syndrome that is characteristic of individuals in whom the corpus callosum has been surgically severed. One potential explanation for this paradox is that the anterior commissure undergoes neuroplastic remodeling in CCD to improve interhemispheric communication between the brain hemispheres.

Methods: A cohort of sixteen individuals with CCD (and sixteen sex and age-matched neurotypical controls) underwent multi-shell diffusion magnetic resonance high-field imaging (dMRI) at 7-Tesla to assess the anatomy of the anterior commissure for evidence of neuroplasticity.

Adynamic spoken language in corpus callosum dysgenesis.

Corpus callosum dysgenesis (CCD) is a congenital brain malformation that occurs when the development of the corpus callosum is disrupted, either partially or completely. The cognitive outcomes in individuals with CCD vary greatly, but generally the neuropsychological profile is characterised by slow processing speed, poor transfer of interhemispheric sensory-motor information, and impaired complex problem solving. Core language skills are often preserved in CCD, but there is some evidence that complex language may be impaired.

Intramolecular Diels-Alder Reaction of a Biphenyl Group in a Strained -Quaterphenylene Acetylene.

At elevated temperatures, a strained, cyclic -quaterphenylene acetylene undergoes an intramolecular cyclization reaction to form benz[]indeno[1,2,3-]acephenanthrylene. This reaction represents an example of a Diels-Alder reaction at the 2-, 1-, 1'-, and 2'-positions of a biphenyl derivative, a region analogous to the bay regions of perylene and other periacenes. The reaction proceeds cleanly with high conversion.

Unusual Case of a Trunnion Fracture Following a Revision Hip Arthroplasty Surgery: A Brief Review of the Literature and Discussion About Causes of Failure.

Trunnion fracture is an incredibly rare complication of total hip arthroplasty. Of the few reported cases, all involve implants with faulty designs, a small neck taper, or an extended neck length or offset. Most also report corrosion and an adverse soft-tissue reaction.

Increased persuadability and credulity in people with corpus callosum dysgenesis.

Corpus callosum dysgenesis is one of the most common congenital neurological malformations. Despite being a clear and identifiable structural alteration of the brain's white matter connectivity, the impact of corpus callosum dysgenesis on cognition and behaviour has remained unclear. Here we build upon past clinical observations in the literature to define the clinical phenotype of corpus callosum dysgenesis better using unadjusted and adjusted group differences compared with a neurotypical sample on a range of social and cognitive measures that have been previously reported to be impacted by a corpus callosum dysgenesis diagnosis.

DRAXIN regulates interhemispheric fissure remodelling to influence the extent of corpus callosum formation.

Corpus callosum dysgenesis (CCD) is a congenital disorder that incorporates either partial or complete absence of the largest cerebral commissure. Remodelling of the interhemispheric fissure (IHF) provides a substrate for callosal axons to cross between hemispheres, and its failure is the main cause of complete CCD. However, it is unclear whether defects in this process could give rise to the heterogeneity of expressivity and phenotypes seen in human cases of CCD.

A Multifaceted Resident-Led Physical Exam Course.

Unlabelled: This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended.

Background: Physicians frequently report poor confidence applying the physical exam for medical decision making.

Right Atrial Perforation Leading to Cardiac Tamponade Following Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Cannulation.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), as a supportive modality for cardiopulmonary failure, is increasing in its use due to improved advances in technology and experience lending to availability and ease of implementation. Complications with ECMO are quite common, and with increasing use, an increase in complications are a natural result. These complications can be from the underlying disease process or from the ECMO process itself, including cannula insertion.

Verbal Adynamia and Conceptualization in Partial Rhombencephalosynapsis and Corpus Callosum Dysgenesis.

Verbal adynamia is characterized by markedly reduced spontaneous speech that is not attributable to a core language deficit such as impaired naming, reading, repetition, or comprehension. In some cases, verbal adynamia is severe enough to be considered dynamic aphasia. We report the case of a 40-year-old, left-handed, male native English speaker who presented with partial rhombencephalosynapsis, corpus callosum dysgenesis, and a language profile that is consistent with verbal adynamia, or subclinical dynamic aphasia, possibly underpinned by difficulties selecting and generating ideas for expression.

Cardiac amyloidosis possibly secondary to Agent Orange exposure.

Much research has focused on the association between the toxic metabolites of the tactical herbicide Agent Orange and several blood cancers, including systemic amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. Here we present a rare case of heart failure secondary to cardiac AL amyloidosis as a consequence of Agent Orange exposure. An elderly man was transferred to the intensive care unit for a suspected gastrointestinal bleed and decompensation of congestive heart failure.

Accessing the Ene-Imine Motif in 1-Isoindole, Thienopyrrole, and Thienopyridine Building Blocks.

A pathway to a range of diverse heterocycles was developed using a nucleophilic cyclization strategy. Lactams and ene-imines are accessed in a few steps from a common precursor, and these moieties are further elaborated to directly provide pyrroles or pyridines with extended conjugation. Reaction conditions are mild, and a broad range of structural types are available within a few steps.

Rectus sheath hematoma following enoxaparin administration.

Low-molecular-weight heparin, including enoxaparin, has efficacy comparable to that of unfractionated heparin and is considered the first-line option for thromboprophylaxis due to a decreased risk profile. This paper presents a rare case of epigastric artery rectus sheath hematoma following enoxaparin injection, resulting in multiorgan failure secondary to hemorrhagic shock. Discussion of this case may assist clinicians in the recognition and treatment of similar cases.

Implementation of a pilot medical student mentoring program for premedical students and its effects on premedical student attitudes.

As the medical school admissions process becomes increasingly competitive, there is an increased mental and emotional burden on undergraduate premedical students due to uncertainty about acceptance. Mentors in Medicine is a mentoring program between Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Texas Tech University students; the data demonstrate that this program can alleviate some negative emotional aspects faced by premedical students on their journey to medical school. The program interventions include establishing mentor-mentee relationships between medical students and premedical students, hosting various events to encourage dialogue, and promoting communication efforts from medical mentors.

Altered structural connectivity networks in a mouse model of complete and partial dysgenesis of the corpus callosum.

Corpus callosum dysgenesis (CCD) describes a collection of brain malformations in which the main fiber tract connecting the two hemispheres is either absent (complete CCD, or 'agenesis of the corpus callosum') or reduced in size (partial CCD). Humans with these neurodevelopmental disorders have a wide range of cognitive outcomes, including seemingly preserved features of interhemispheric communication in some cases. However, the structural substrates that could underlie this variability in outcome remain to be fully elucidated.

Does reducing the height of the tackle through law change in elite men's rugby union (The Championship, England) reduce the incidence of concussion? A controlled study in 126 games.

Objectives: Most concussions in rugby union occur during tackles. We investigated whether legislation to lower maximum tackle height would change tackle behaviour, and reduce concussion incidence rate.

Methods: In an observational evaluation using a prospective cohort design, 12 elite men's teams played in two competitions during the 2018/2019 season.

Increased cognitive complexity reveals abnormal brain network activity in individuals with corpus callosum dysgenesis.

Cognitive reasoning is thought to require functional interactions between whole-brain networks. Such networks rely on both cerebral hemispheres, with the corpus callosum providing cross-hemispheric communication. Here we used high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging (7 T fMRI), a well validated cognitive task, and brain network analyses to investigate the functional networks underlying cognitive reasoning in individuals with corpus callosum dysgenesis (CCD), an anatomical abnormality that affects the corpus callosum.

Flecainide toxicity in renal failure.

Flecainide, a class Ic antiarrhythmic, is used for the prevention of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation/flutter, and sustained ventricular tachycardia. Flecainide is primarily metabolized by the liver and to a lesser extent (30%) is excreted unchanged in the kidney. We present a case of flecainide toxicity in the setting of renal impairment that was successfully treated with intravenous sodium bicarbonate.

Chylous ascites as a complication of intraabdominal complex immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.

Chylous ascites is an uncommon finding of triglyceride-rich lymph in the peritoneal cavity. There are a variety of reported etiologies for chylous ascites; however, the reporting of chylous ascites among AIDS/HIV-positive patients is quite uncommon. This finding as a complication of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome is even more unusual.

Spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome in small cell lung cancer.

Tumor lysis syndrome is a set of metabolic disturbances that can be seen during the destruction of tumor cells and is an oncologic and metabolic emergency. The syndrome is rare in those with solid tumors, and even more rare in those with solid tumors who have not yet received chemotherapy. We present a case of tumor lysis syndrome in a patient with small cell lung cancer.

A novel method for reducing gap formation in tendon repair.

Background: This study investigates gap formation in tendon repair using a novel tensioning method.

Hypothesis: The novel stitch will demonstrate less gap formation than the other suture configurations tested.

Methods: Porcine tendons stitched with classic Krackow stitch configurations were compared to a Krackow stitch modified with a proximal Tension-Assist Loop.