The Effects of a Digital Mental Health Intervention in Adults With Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Analysis of Real-World User Data.

Background: The American Heart Association has identified poor mental health as a key barrier to healthy behavior change for those with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes. Digital mental health interventions, like those delivered via the internet to computers or smartphones, may provide a scalable solution to improving the mental and physical health of this population. Happify is one such intervention and has demonstrated evidence of efficacy for improving aspects of mental health in both the general population and in users with chronic conditions.

The Effects of a Digital Well-Being Intervention on Patients With Chronic Conditions: Observational Study.

Background: Chronic conditions account for 75% of health care costs, and the impact of chronic illness is expected to grow over time. Although subjective well-being predicts better health outcomes, people with chronic conditions tend to report lower well-being. Improving well-being might mitigate costs associated with chronic illness; however, existing interventions can be difficult to access and draw from a single theoretical approach.

PROMIS Global Health item nonresponse: is it better to impute missing item responses before computing T-scores?

Purpose: Item response theory (IRT) scoring provides T-scores for physical and mental health subscales on the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health questionnaire (PROMIS-GH) even when relevant items are skipped. We compared different item- and score-level imputation methods for estimating T-scores to the current scoring method.

Methods: Missing PROMIS-GH items were simulated using a dataset of complete PROMIS-GH scales collected at a single tertiary care center.

Identifying individual differences in adolescent neuropsychological function using the NIH Toolbox: An application of partially ordered classification modeling.

Objective: The Cognition Battery of the National Institutes of Heath Toolbox is a commonly utilized set of assessments of neuropsychological abilities, evaluating executive function, attention, working memory, processing speed, and episodic memory. We highlight the utility of an advanced statistical model in providing nuanced characterization of neurocognition in an adolescent population. We propose that partially ordered set (POSET) models are well suited to analyze polyfactorial tasks and identify distinct profiles of cognitive functioning.

Association Between Patient Experience With Patient-Reported Outcome Measurements and Overall Satisfaction With Care in Neurology.

Background: There has been increasing focus on both patient-reported outcome measurement (PROM) collection and patient satisfaction ratings; nevertheless, little is known about their relationship.

Objectives: To determine the association between patient experience with PROM collection and visit satisfaction and to identify characteristics of better ratings for each.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included all patients seen in 15 neurological clinics who completed PROMs as well as 6 questions on the patient experience with PROMs at least once from October 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016.

Early inspired oxygen and intermittent hypoxemic events in extremely premature infants are associated with asthma medication use at 2 years of age.

Objective: Extremely premature infants are at risk for childhood wheezing. Early respiratory support and intermittent hypoxemia (IH) events may be associated with adverse breathing outcomes.

Study Design: A single-center retrospective cohort study of 137 premature infants <28 weeks gestational age characterized the associations of cumulative oxygen, cumulative mean airway pressure, IH, and oxygen saturation (SpO) on the primary outcome of prescription asthma medication use at 2-year follow-up.

The role of guidance in children's discovery learning.

Discovery learning is an important, yet controversial topic in the fields of psychology, education, and cognitive science. Though traditional views emphasize a lack of instructional constraint or scaffolding, more recent evidence suggests that guidance should be included in the process of discovery learning. The present review summarizes three general approaches which have been shown to facilitate guided discovery learning: (1) strategic presentation of materials, (2) consequential feedback, and (3) probing questions and self-explanations.

Benchmarking, public reporting, and pay-for-performance: a mixed-methods survey of California pediatric intensive care unit medical directors.

Objectives: We sought to assess the attitudes of pediatric intensive care unit medical directors in California regarding the need for, the validity of, and the potential impact of benchmarking, public reporting, and pay-for-performance on pediatric critical care.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Pediatric intensive care units in California.

Neurocognitive development of relational reasoning.

Relational reasoning is an essential component of fluid intelligence, and is known to have a protracted developmental trajectory. To date, little is known about the neural changes that underlie improvements in reasoning ability over development. In this event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, children aged 8-12 and adults aged 18-25 performed a relational reasoning task adapted from Raven's Progressive Matrices.

Sleep patterns of children with pervasive developmental disorders.

Data on sleep behavior were gathered on 100 children with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), ages 2-11 years, using sleep diaries, the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), and the Parenting Events Questionnaire. Two time periods were sampled to assess short-term stability of sleep-wake patterns. Before data collection, slightly more than half of the parents, when queried, reported a sleep problem in their child.

Secretin and sleep in children with autism.

The objectives of this pilot study were 1) to examine possible effects of secretin infusions on sleep-wake state organization in children with autism, and 2) to assess the feasibility of home recordings using time-lapse videosomnography in children with autism. Participants were a subset of subjects from two double blind, placebo-control, multi-center clinical trials. One trial, the UC Irvine study, assessed the effects of porcine secretin vs.