A biomechanical analysis of the soft tissue and osseous constraints of the hip joint.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to determine the role of soft tissue and osseous constraints in hip biomechanics using a unique robotic testing apparatus.

Methods: Four fresh-frozen human cadaveric hemi-pelvises without degenerative changes or dysplasia were stripped of all soft tissue except the ligamentous capsule and the intra-articular structures. All hips were tested using a robotic manipulator/universal force-moment sensor testing system to measure and compare end-range of motion (ROM) and kinematic translations in "capsule vented" (a small hole in the capsule) and "capsule separated" (capsular ligaments separated from each other) states.

Modes of failure of knotted and knotless suture anchors in an arthroscopic bankart repair model with the capsulolabral tissues intact.

The purpose of this study was to assess failure modes of knotless and knotted anchors in a Bankart repair model with the capsulolabral soft tissues intact. Previous reports used a model stripped of soft tissues. In 8 matched pairs of cadaver shoulders, a Bankart lesion was repaired arthroscopically using either 2 Bio-SutureTak anchors (Arthrex, Naples, Florida) or 2 Bioknotless anchors (Mitek, Westwood, Massachusetts).

Biomechanical evaluation of 2 arthroscopic biceps tenodeses: double-anchor versus percutaneous intra-articular transtendon (PITT) techniques.

Background: Recently, there is increasing interest in different arthroscopic biceps tenodesis techniques. However, little data have been published about the biomechanical properties of soft tissue tenodesis.

Purpose: This study was undertaken to evaluate the biomechanical properties of 2 different arthroscopic biceps tenodeses: the percutaneous intra-articular transtendon (PITT) technique and the suture-anchor technique.

Interference screw versus suture anchor fixation for subpectoral tenodesis of the proximal biceps tendon: a cadaveric study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties of 2 fixation methods for subpectoral proximal biceps tenodesis.

Methods: In 9 matched pairs of cadaveric shoulders, an open subpectoral tenodesis was performed 1 cm proximal to the inferior border of the pectoralis major tendon by use of either an 8 x 12-mm Bio-Tenodesis screw (Arthrex, Naples, FL) with No. 2 FiberWire sutures (Arthrex) or a 5.

Computer-assisted evaluation of kinematics of the two bundles of the anterior cruciate ligament.

The aim of this cadaveric study was to describe the kinematics of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-intact, posterolateral (PL) bundle-deficient and ACL-deficient knee by applying a protocol for computer-assisted evaluation of knee kinematics. The hypothesis that the PL bundle functions mainly at low knee flexion angles was tested. An optical tracking system was used to acquire knee joint motion on 10 knees during clinical evaluations by tracking markers rigidly attached to the bones.

Computer evaluation of kinematics of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions.

Current clinical and instrumented outcome measurements of knee instability lack accuracy, especially when multiplanar instability is considered. The aim of our cadaveric study was to describe the kinematics in the intact, double bundle, and anteromedial bundle reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament knee by applying a protocol for computer-assisted evaluation of knee kinematics. An optical navigation system was used to acquire knee motion (n = 5) during clinical evaluations by tracking markers rigidly attached to the bones.

Development of a simple device for measurement of rotational knee laxity.

The goal of this study was to develop a new device for the measurement of rotational knee laxity and to measure intra-observer and inter-observer reliability in a cadaveric study. An array of established tools was utilized to design the device with a basis that consists of an Aircast Foam Walkertrade mark boot. A load cell was attached to the boot with a handle bar for application of moments about the knee.

Biomechanical rationale for development of anatomical reconstructions of coracoclavicular ligaments after complete acromioclavicular joint dislocations.

Background: Surgical treatments of complete acromioclavicular joint dislocations replace or reconstruct the coracoclavicular ligaments with a single structure and do not account for the anatomical variance of each ligament in the design.

Purpose: To evaluate the cyclic behavior and structural properties of an anatomic tendon reconstruction of the coracoclavicular ligament complex after a simulated acromioclavicular joint dislocation.

Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.

Biomechanical function of surgical procedures for acromioclavicular joint dislocations.

Purpose: Surgical procedures for treatment of acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation replace the coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments to minimize motion, allow scarring, and increase the subsequent stability of the joint. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical function of the surgically repaired or reconstructed (CC Sling, Rockwood Screw [DePuy Orthopaedics, Warsaw, IN], and Coracoacromial [CA] Ligament Transfer Construct) AC joint after AC joint dislocation.

Type Of Study: A cadaver study using a convenience sample.

Viscoelastic behavior and structural properties of the coracoclavicular ligaments.

During contact sports such as football, hockey or rugby, the coracoclavicular ligaments are commonly ruptured. Currently, the limited biomechanical data on the properties and function of these ligaments have led to debate on the "gold standard" treatment for these injuries. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the geometry, viscoelastic behavior and structural properties of the coracoclavicular ligaments (n=11).

Joint compression alters the kinematics and loading patterns of the intact and capsule-transected AC joint.

High compressive loads are transmitted through the shoulder across the acromioclavicular (AC) joint to the axial skeleton during activities of daily living and can lead to early joint degeneration or instability. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of joint compression on the biomechanics of the intact and capsule-transected AC joint during application of three loading conditions. A robotic/universal force-moment sensor testing system was utilized to apply an anterior, posterior or superior load of 70 N in combination with 10 or 70 N of joint compression to fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders (n=12).