Partially Hydrolysed Whey-Based Infant Formula Improves Skin Barrier Function.

Specific partially hydrolysed whey-based infant formulas (pHF-W) have been shown to decrease the risk of atopic dermatitis (AD) in infants. Historically, AD has been associated primarily with milk allergy; however, defective skin barrier function can be a primary cause of AD. We aimed to ascertain whether oral supplementation with pHF-W can improve skin barrier function.

Human Milk Bioactives: Future Perspective.

Human milk is a dynamic, complex fluid that offers much more than nutrition to infants. The macronutrient content of human milk has been well characterized and described. However, human milk is not a simple matrix of protein, carbohydrate, fat, and micronutrients.

Hidden Realities of Infant Feeding: Systematic Review of Qualitative Findings from Parents.

A growing, global conversation, regarding realities and challenges that parents experience today is ever-present. To understand recent parent's attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions regarding infant feeding, we sought to systematically identify and synthesize original qualitative research findings. Following the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) framework, electronic databases were searched with a priori terms applied to title/abstract fields and limited to studies published in English from 2015 to 2019, inclusive.

Nutrient intakes and sources of fiber among children with low and high dietary fiber intake: the 2016 feeding infants and toddlers study (FITS), a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Increasing dietary fiber intake in children may improve overall diet quality. The purpose of this study was to compare nutrient intakes and sources of fiber between young children with low and high fiber intakes utilizing data from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016.

Methods: The FITS 2016 was a nationwide, cross sectional survey of caregivers designed to assess food and nutrient intakes, feeding behaviors, and dietary patterns among infants and young children living in the U.

2'-Fucosyllactose Is Well Tolerated in a 100% Whey, Partially Hydrolyzed Infant Formula With : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Human milk oligosaccharides are important components of breast milk. We evaluated feeding tolerance of the human milk oligosaccharide 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL) in a 100% whey, partially hydrolyzed infant formula with the probiotic ssp strain Bb12 (; Test) as compared with the same formula without 2'FL (Control) in a randomized controlled trial of healthy infants enrolled at 2 weeks of age (±5 days). After 6 weeks of feeding the assigned formula, the primary outcome of tolerance was assessed using the Infant Gastrointestinal Symptom Questionnaire.

A Pooled Analysis of Growth and Tolerance of Infants Exclusively Fed Partially Hydrolyzed Whey or Intact Protein-Based Infant Formulas.

Background: For infants who are partially or exclusively fed infant formula, many options exist with compositional differences between formulas making choices difficult for caregivers and healthcare professionals. The protein in routine infant formulas differs by the source, fraction of cow's milk protein used, and degree of hydrolysis. All commercially available regulated infant formulas support growth and development, but different stool patterns have been observed based on formula composition.

Food Consumption Patterns of Infants and Toddlers: Findings from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016.

Background: The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes continues to increase. These conditions disproportionately affect minorities and are associated with poor nutrition early in life. Current food-consumption patterns can inform pending dietary guidelines for infants and toddlers.

Starch Consumption Patterns in Infants and Young Children.

Background: The introduction of starch into an infant's diet is an important milestone in the feeding journey. Intestinal maturity and the presence of digestive enzymes are necessary for the physiologic breakdown of starch and other complementary foods. However, little is known about the consumption patterns of starch containing foods during complementary feeding.

Importance of Dietary Sources of Iron in Infants and Toddlers: Lessons from the FITS Study.

Iron deficiency (ID) affects 13.5% of 1-2 years old children in the US and may have a negative impact on neurodevelopment and behavior. Iron-fortified infant cereal is the primary non-heme iron source among infants aged 6-11.

The Prevalence of Food Allergies in Children Referred to a Multidisciplinary Feeding Program.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of food allergy in children presenting to a multidisciplinary feeding program.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted from 302 patients. We recorded history of food reaction, family history of any atopic disease, radioallergosorbent testing, prematurity, birth weight, breastfeeding history, Z-scores, age, and gastrointestinal mucosal biopsy reports with eosinophilic infiltrate.

Clinical Presentation and Five-Year Therapeutic Management of Very Early-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Large North American Cohort.

Objective: To evaluate the presentation, therapeutic management, and long-term outcome of children with very early-onset (VEO) (≤ 5 years of age) inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Study Design: Data were obtained from an inception cohort of 1928 children with IBD enrolled in a prospective observational registry at multiple centers in North America.

Results: One hundred twelve children were ≤ 5 years of age with no child enrolled at <1 year of age.

Retrospective cohort study of methotrexate use in the treatment of pediatric Crohn's disease.

Background: Methotrexate (MTX) use as an alternative to thiopurines in the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD) in children is increasing. This study was undertaken to assess safety and efficacy of MTX in children with CD.

Methods: Patients treated with MTX with a minimum of 1-year follow-up were identified in the Pediatric IBD Collaborative Research Group Registry, a prospective inception cohort study started in 2002.

Liver enzyme elevations within 3 months of diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease and likelihood of liver disease.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease-associated liver diseases (IBD-LDs) include autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and an overlap syndrome. Prospective unbiased multicenter data regarding the frequency of IBD-LD in patients with pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are lacking. We examined early alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) elevations in children diagnosed as having IBD and assessed the likelihood of IBD-LD.

Diffuse intestinal ganglioneuromatosis in a child.

A 7 year old male with a history of congenital neutropenia and growth hormone deficiency presented with abdominal pain, fevers, and diarrhea. Imaging and endoscopy revealed significant inflammation of the ascending colon with stenosis at the level of the hepatic flexure. A right hemicolectomy was performed, and pathologic findings were consistent with diffuse intestinal ganglioneuromatosis.

Outcome following aminosalicylate therapy in children newly diagnosed as having ulcerative colitis.

Objectives: Despite a paucity of published supporting data, 5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA) use in pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC) is common. The present study describes the use and outcome of a large multicenter inception cohort of children with UC treated with 5-ASA.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Collaborative Research Group Registry, a prospective North American observational study of children newly diagnosed as having inflammatory bowel disease ages 16 years or younger.

Budesonide use in pediatric Crohn disease.

Background And Aim: Budesonide (BUD) is being used in pediatric Crohn disease (CD) because it is believed to have the potential to reduce corticosteroid-related toxicity; however, few data are available describing its use. The aim of the present study was to describe BUD use in an inception cohort of pediatric patients with CD.

Methods: Data were derived from the prospective Pediatric IBD Collaborative Research Group Registry established in 2002 in North America.

Presentation and outcome of histoplasmosis in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with antitumor necrosis factor alpha therapy: a case series.

Background: Antitumor necrosis factor alpha (aTNF) therapies are commonly used in the treatment of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, inhibition of the TNF-alpha pathway predisposes to serious infections, including histoplasmosis, which is the most common invasive fungal infection in individuals on aTNF therapy and carries a high mortality rate when associated with delayed diagnosis. Few data exist on the frequency, presentation, and appropriate treatment of pediatric patients with histoplasmosis on aTNF therapy.

Factors that determine risk for surgery in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease.

Background & Aims: We examined the incidence of Crohn's disease (CD)-related surgery in a multi-center, inception cohort of pediatric patients with CD. We also examined the effect of starting immunomodulator therapy within 30 days of diagnosis.

Methods: Data from 854 children with CD from the Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Collaborative Research Group who were diagnosed with CD between 2002 and 2008 were analyzed.

Extraintestinal manifestations of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease and their relation to disease type and severity.

Objectives: Although it is known that extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) commonly occur in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), little research has examined rates of EIMs and their relation to other disease-related factors in this population. The purpose of this study was to determine the rates of EIMs in pediatric IBD and examine correlations with age, sex, diagnosis, disease severity, and distribution.

Patients And Methods: Data were prospectively collected as part of the Pediatric IBD Collaborative Research Group Registry, an observational database enrolling newly diagnosed IBD patients <16 years old since 2002.

Outcome following infliximab therapy in children with ulcerative colitis.

Objectives: Infliximab is effective in treating moderate/severe ulcerative colitis (UC) in adults. The aim of this study was to determine the outcome after treatment with infliximab in pediatric UC.

Methods: We performed a multicenter cohort study of 332 pediatric patients with UC enrolled in the Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Collaborative Research Group Registry.

Retrospective Evaluation of the Safety and Effect of Adalimumab Therapy (RESEAT) in pediatric Crohn's disease.

Objectives: Adalimumab, an anti-tumor necrosis factor immunoglobulin-1 antibody, is increasingly being reported as a potential treatment option for children with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of this study was to characterize common indications, safety, tolerability, and clinical response to adalimumab in pediatric CD in a large, multicenter, patient cohort.

Methods: Data were obtained using a retrospective, uncontrolled chart review at 12 sites of the Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Collaborative Research Group.

Growth abnormalities persist in newly diagnosed children with crohn disease despite current treatment paradigms.

Objectives: We analyzed growth outcomes in children newly diagnosed with Crohn disease and determined whether growth abnormalities persist despite current therapies.

Patients And Methods: Clinical and growth data were prospectively obtained on an inception cohort younger than 16 years old at diagnosis and Tanner I to III during the study.

Results: In all, 176 children (mean age 10.

Appraisal of the pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index (PUCAI).

Background: We evaluated the psychometric performance of the Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI) in a real-life cohort from the Pediatric IBD Collaborative Research Group.

Methods: Two consecutive visits of 215 children with ulcerative colitis (UC) were included (mean age 11.2 +/- 3.