Relationship of ethnic origin, gender, and age to blood creatine kinase levels.

Background: Creatine kinase is expressed at high levels in muscle, where it plays a central role in energy metabolism. Highly elevated creatine kinase levels in blood may indicate muscle trauma or disease. However, it is known that baseline creatine kinase levels are higher in African Americans than in whites and that they are higher in men than in women.

Clinical commentary: Reaching new targets in monotherapy and combination therapy.

Cardiovascular disease remains the most common cause of death in the United States. There has, however, been a decline in the age-adjusted death rate for coronary heart disease. This decline may be due, in part, to more aggressive treatment guidelines for treating cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.

Complementary therapy to target LDL cholesterol: the role of the ezetimibe/simvastatin combination.

Cardiovascular (CV) disease remains the number 1 cause of death in the USA. Nonetheless, there has been a decline in the age-adjusted death rate for coronary heart disease (CHD) which may be due to more aggressive treatment guidelines for treating CV risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. The recent update to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines have recommended lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals in high-risk patients.

Comparison of efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin in African-American patients in a six-week trial.

The lipid-modifying effects of statin therapy in hypercholesterolemic African-Americans have not been well characterized. This study compared the efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin and atorvastatin treatment for 6 weeks in hypercholesterolemic African-American adults. In the African American Rosuvastatin Investigation of Efficacy and Safety (ARIES) trial (4522US/0002), 774 adult African-Americans with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol > or = 160 and < or = 300 mg/dl and triglycerides < 400 mg/dl were randomized to receive open-label rosuvastatin 10 or 20 mg or atorvastatin 10 or 20 mg for 6 weeks.

Lipid-lowering: can ezetimibe help close the treatment gap?

Most patients who should be on lipid-lowering therapy are not receiving it, and most patients who are receiving it are not reaching their appropriate low-density lipoprotein (LDL) goals. This is in part because physicians and patients fear side effects of statins and other lipid-lowering agents. Ezetimibe (Zetia), a new lipid-lowering drug, may help physicians close this "treatment gap" in more patients, especially in combination with a statin.