Ends of the spectrum best practices for early detection and multidisciplinary management of acromegaly.

Purpose: Acromegaly is characterized by an insidious clinical presentation and delayed diagnosis. Longer delays are associated with more comorbidities which can persist after treatment of the growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma (GH-PA). Surgery is the primary therapy of GH-secreting PA, which can lead to durable remission.

Isolated IgG4-related Infundibulo-hypophysitis.

A 72-year-old man presented with several months of weakness, poor appetite, and depressed moods. Laboratory tests indicated central hypocortisolism, hypothyroidism and hypogonadism, and mild hyperprolactinemia. Imaging indicated a homogenously enhancing solid suprasellar mass inseparable from the hypothalamus and contiguous with a thickened proximal infundibulum.

Survival implications of postoperative restricted diffusion in high-grade glioma and limitations of intraoperative MRI detection.

Purpose: Here we assess whether the volume of cerebral ischemia induced during glioma surgery may negatively impact survival independently of neurological function. We also evaluate the sensitivity of intraoperative MRI (iMRI) in detecting cerebral ischemia during surgery.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 361 cranial surgeries that used a 3 Tesla iMRI.

Synthesis and Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction Structure of an Indium Arsenide Nanocluster.

The discovery of magic-sized clusters as intermediates in the synthesis of colloidal quantum dots has allowed for insight into formation pathways and provided atomically precise molecular platforms for studying the structure and surface chemistry of those materials. The synthesis of monodisperse InAs quantum dots has been developed through the use of indium carboxylate and As(SiMe) as precursors and documented to proceed through the formation of magic-sized intermediates. Herein, we report the synthesis, isolation, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction structure of an InAs nanocluster that is ubiquitous across reports of InAs quantum dot synthesis.

Ligand Steric Profile Tunes the Reactivity of Indium Phosphide Clusters.

Indium phosphide quantum dots have become an industrially relevant material for solid-state lighting and wide color gamut displays. The synthesis of indium phosphide quantum dots from indium carboxylates and tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphine (P(SiMe)) is understood to proceed through the formation of magic-sized clusters, with InP(OCR) being the key isolable intermediate. The reactivity of the InP(OCR) cluster is a vital parameter in controlling the conversion to quantum dots.

Shift Volume Directly Impacts Neuroradiology Error Rate at a Large Academic Medical Center: The Case for Volume Limits.

Background And Purpose: Unlike in Europe and Japan, guidelines or recommendations from specialized radiological societies on workflow management and adaptive intervention to reduce error rates are currently lacking in the United States. This study of neuroradiologic reads at a large US academic medical center, which may hopefully contribute to this discussion, found a direct relationship between error rate and shift volume.

Materials And Methods: CT and MR imaging reports from our institution's Neuroradiology Quality Assurance database (years 2014-2020) were searched for attending physician errors.

Enhanced Charge Transfer from Coinage Metal Doped InP Quantum Dots.

This paper describes coinage-metal-doped InP quantum dots (QDs) as a platform for enhanced electron transfer to molecular acceptors relative to undoped QDs. A synthetic strategy is developed to prepare doped InP/ZnSe QDs. First-principles DFT calculations show that Ag and Cu dopants localize photoexcited holes while leaving electrons delocalized.

Magnetic resonance imaging-derived relative cerebral blood volume characteristics in a case of pathologically confirmed neurocysticercosis: illustrative case.

Background: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a parasitic infection of the brain caused by ingesting water or food contaminated with tapeworm eggs. When it presents as a solitary mass, differentiation from a primary brain tumor on imaging can be difficult. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) is a newer imaging technique used to identify areas of neovascularization in tumors, which may advance the differential diagnosis.

Consistent predictors of microbial community composition across spatial scales in grasslands reveal low context-dependency.

Environmental circumstances shaping soil microbial communities have been studied extensively. However, due to disparate study designs, it has been difficult to resolve whether a globally consistent set of predictors exists, or context-dependency prevails. Here, we used a network of 18 grassland sites (11 of those containing regional plant productivity gradients) to examine (i) if similar abiotic or biotic factors predict both large-scale (across sites) and regional-scale (within sites) patterns in bacterial and fungal community composition, and (ii) if microbial community composition differs consistently at two levels of regional plant productivity (low vs.

Autoimmune diseases of the spine and spinal cord.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinicopathological tools have led to the identification of a wide spectrum of autoimmune entities that involve the spine. A clearer understanding of the unique imaging features of these disorders, along with their clinical presentations, will prove invaluable to clinicians and potentially limit the need for more invasive procedures such as tissue biopsies. Here, we review various autoimmune diseases affecting the spine and highlight salient imaging features that distinguish them radiologically from other disease entities.

Role of Advanced MR Imaging in Diagnosis of Neurological Malignancies: Current Status and Future Perspective.

Lesions of the central nervous system (CNS) can present with numerous and overlapping radiographical and clinical features that make diagnosis difficult based exclusively on history, physical examination, and traditional imaging modalities. Given that there are significant differences in optimal treatment protocols for these various CNS lesions, rapid and non-invasive diagnosis could lead to improved patient care. Recently, various advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques showed promising methods to differentiate between various tumors and lesions that conventional MRI cannot define by comparing their physiologic characteristics, such as vascularity, permeability, oxygenation, and metabolism.

Electronic Structures and Spectroscopic Signatures of Noble-Gas-Doped Nanodiamonds.

Fluorescent nanodiamonds, that is, those containing optically active defects, have attracted interest for their ability to be used as qubits; for imaging; and as sensors for spin, stress, and temperature. One of the most commonly studied nanodiamond color centers is the nitrogen vacancy. However, there is strong interest in discovering other impurity centers that provide localized midband gap transitions.

Colloidal, Room-Temperature Growth of Metal Oxide Shells on InP Quantum Dots.

We demonstrate colloidal, layer-by-layer growth of metal oxide shells on InP quantum dots (QDs) at room temperature. We show with computational modeling that native InP QD surface oxides give rise to nonradiative pathways due to the presence of surface-localized dark states near the band edges. Replacing surface indium with zinc to form a ZnO shell results in reduced nonradiative decay and a density of states at the valence band edge that resembles defect-free, stoichiometric InP.

Factors Associated With Neuroradiologic Diagnostic Errors at a Large Tertiary-Care Academic Medical Center: A Case-Control Study.

Numerous studies have explored factors associated with diagnostic errors in neuroradiology; however, large-scale multivariable analyses are lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate associations of interpretation time, shift volume, care setting, day of week, and trainee participation with diagnostic errors by neuroradiologists at a large academic medical center. This retrospective case-control study using a large tertiary-care academic medical center's neuroradiology quality assurance database evaluated CT and MRI examinations for which neuroradiologists had assigned RADPEER scores.

Defect-Induced Magnetic Skyrmion in a Two-Dimensional Chromium Triiodide Monolayer.

Chromium iodide monolayers, which have different magnetic properties in comparison to the bulk chromium iodide, have been shown to form skyrmionic states in applied electromagnetic fields or in Janus-layer devices. In this work, we demonstrate that spin-canted solutions can be induced into monolayer chromium iodide by select substitution of iodide atoms with isovalent impurities. Several concentrations and spatial configurations of halide substitutional defects are selected to probe the coupling between the local defect-induced geometric distortions and orientation of chromium magnetic moments.

Tuning the interfacial stoichiometry of InP core and InP/ZnSe core/shell quantum dots.

We demonstrate fine-tuning of the atomic composition of InP/ZnSe quantum dots (QDs) at the core/shell interface. Specifically, we control the stoichiometry of both anions (P, As, S, and Se) and cations (In and Zn) at the InP/ZnSe core/shell interface and correlate these changes with the resultant steady-state and time-resolved optical properties of the nanocrystals. The use of reactive trimethylsilyl reagents results in surface-limited reactions that shift the nanocrystal stoichiometry to anion-rich and improve epitaxial growth of the shell layer.

Simulating Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectra with Real-Time Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory in Gauge Including Atomic Orbitals.

Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra are able to provide insights into the geometric, electronic, and magnetic properties of chemical systems. However, they can be challenging to understand and simulate given the need to simultaneously treat both the finite magnetic and optical fields. Thus, efficient simulations are desired to understand the spectra and resolve the molecular electronic states.

Carboxylate Anchors Act as Exciton Reporters in 1.3 nm Indium Phosphide Nanoclusters.

Developing interfacial probes of ligand-nanocluster interactions is crucial for understanding and tailoring the optoelectronic properties of these emerging nanomaterials. Using transient IR spectroscopy, we demonstrate that ligand vibrational modes of oleate-capped 1.3 nm InP nanoclusters report on the photogenerated exciton.

Are distinct nitrous oxide emission factors required for cattle urine and dung deposited on pasture in western Canada?

While some countries disaggregate NO emission factors for urine and dung deposited onto pastures, in Canada, distinct NO emission factors for beef cattle urine and dung have not been defined. To help address this knowledge gap, we conducted a 1-year study to quantify NO fluxes from beef cattle urine and dung patches on a semiarid tame pasture in western Canada, as well as to quantify the NO emission factors (EF3) for urine and dung as the percentage of applied N emitted as NO-N. Urine and dung were deposited when soil water-filled pore space was nearly 60%, a wet soil condition for the grazing season in the semiarid study region, which led to a burst of NO from urine in the first 14 days of the study (42% of total N emitted).

Is portable ultrasonography accurate in the evaluation of Schanz pin placement during extremity fracture fixation in austere environments?

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of ultrasonography to confirm Schanz pin placement in a cadaveric model, and the interobserver repeatability of the ultrasound methodology.

Design: This investigation is a repeated measures cadaveric study with multiple examiners.

Participants: Cadaveric preparation and observations were done by an orthopaedic traumatologist and resident, and two general surgery traumatologists.

L-Threonine induces heat shock protein expression and decreases apoptosis in heat-stressed intestinal epithelial cells.

Objectives: Osmotically acting amino acids can be cytoprotective following injury. As threonine (THR) induces osmotic cell swelling, our aim was to investigate the potential for THR to induce cellular protection in intestinal epithelial cells and evaluate possible mechanisms of protection.

Methods: Cells treated with a range of THR doses were evaluated following heat stress (HS) injury.

Effect of health insurance type on access to care.

Growing orthopedic and nonorthopedic literature illustrates the point that having health insurance does not equal having access to care. The goal of this study was to evaluate the burden placed on patients to gain access to outpatient orthopedic care. For this study, burden was quantified as the distance traveled by the patient to be seen in clinic.

Percutaneous acetabuloplasty: a cadaveric study.

Periacetabular osteolysis is a common etiology of prosthesis failure in patients who undergo total hip arthroplasty. These lesions are treated by open and, more recently, percutaneous techniques. The purpose of this study was to determine the relevant surface anatomy and bony landmarks in establishing percutaneous access to periacetabular regions and identifying critical at-risk structures in establishing access.

A comparison of the pain perceived during intravenous catheter insertion after injection with various local anesthetics.

This study compared 4 local anesthetics, 1% lidocaine, 1% lidocaine with sodium bicarbonate, 2% chloroprocaine, and 0.5% bupivacaine, in a double-blinded manner for pain on intradermal injection and pain during subsequent intravenous (IV) cannulation with an 18-gauge catheter. The subjects rated their pain, using 100-mm visual analog scales, related to the local injection itself and again after the IV catheter was inserted.