Course of Impulse Control Disorder Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease: Deep Brain Stimulation Versus Medications.

Background: The effect of surgery on impulse control disorders (ICDs) remains unclear in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS).

Objective: To examine changes in ICD symptoms in PD patients undergoing DBS compared to a medication-only control group.

Methods: The study was a 2-center, 12-month, prospective, observational investigation of PD patients undergoing DBS and a control group matched on age, sex, dopamine agonist use, and baseline presence of ICDs.

Safety and Tolerability of Burst-Cycling Deep Brain Stimulation for Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease.

: Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD) and can be difficult to treat with dopaminergic medications or with deep brain stimulation (DBS). Novel stimulation paradigms have been proposed to address suboptimal responses to conventional DBS programming methods. Burst-cycling deep brain stimulation (BCDBS) delivers current in various frequencies of bursts (e.