Associations Between Plasma Levels of NLRP3 Protein, Interleukin-1 Beta and Features of Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Background: Phenotyping inflammation in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a challenge for modern cardiology. NLRP3 inflammasome is a proven predictor of adverse outcomes in cardiovascular disease, but its specificity in stratifying inflammatory activity in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) has not been demonstrated. The aim of this paper is to describe the levels of NLRP3 protein and IL-1β concentrations and their changes in dynamics and associations with clinical, laboratory and instrumental characteristics of patients with STEMI.

Intra-myocardial hemorrhage and cardiac microvascular injury in ischemia/reperfusion. A systematic review of current evidences.

The in-hospital mortality rate in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains high despite the undoubted achievements in treatment of this disease achieved in the last 40 years. The dangerous complications of AMI remain cardiac microvascular injury (CMI) and intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH). IMH is a widespread pathology that occurs in 42 - 57% of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and percutaneous coronary intervention.

Somatostatin Receptor Type 2 as a Potential Marker of Local Myocardial Inflammation in Myocardial Infarction: Morphologic Data on Distribution in Infarcted and Normal Human Myocardium.

Nuclear imaging modalities can detect somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2) in vivo as a potential marker of local post-MI inflammation. SSTR2+ macrophages are thought to be the main substrate for SSTR-targeted radioimaging. However, the distribution of SSTR2+ cells in the MI patients' myocardium is unknown.

The Role of Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Cardiogenic Shock Secondary to Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Narrative Review.

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is one of the most serious complications of myocardial infarction (MI) with a high mortality rate. The timely and effective prevention and early suppression of this adverse event may influence the prognosis and outcome in patients with MI complicated by CS (MI CS). Despite the use of existing pharmaco-invasive options for maintaining an optimal pumping function of the heart in patients with MI CS, its mortality remains high, prompting the search for new approaches to pathogenetic therapy.

Microdosimetric Simulation of Gold-Nanoparticle-Enhanced Radiotherapy.

Conventional X-ray therapy (XRT) is commonly applied to suppress cancerous tumors; however, it often inflicts collateral damage to nearby healthy tissue. In order to provide a better conformity of the dose distribution in the irradiated tumor, proton therapy (PT) is increasingly being used to treat solid tumors. Furthermore, radiosensitization with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) has been extensively studied to increase the therapeutic ratio.

Boron Nanoparticle-Enhanced Proton Therapy: Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Cell Sensitization.

Boron-enhanced proton therapy has recently appeared as a promising approach to increase the efficiency of proton therapy on tumor cells, and this modality can further be improved by the use of boron nanoparticles (B NPs) as local sensitizers to achieve enhanced and targeted therapeutic outcomes. However, the mechanisms of tumor cell elimination under boron-enhanced proton therapy still require clarification. Here, we explore possible molecular mechanisms responsible for the enhancement of therapeutic outcomes under boron NP-enhanced proton therapy.

The Role of Microvascular Obstruction and Intra-Myocardial Hemorrhage in Reperfusion Cardiac Injury. Analysis of Clinical Data.

Microvascular obstruction (MVO) of coronary arteries promotes an increase in mortality and major adverse cardiac events in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH) is observed in 41-50% of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and PCI. The occurrence of IMH is accompanied by inflammation.

Efficiency and Safety of Intracoronary Epinephrine Administration in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction With Refractory Coronary No-Reflow.

Studies assessing the treatment of refractory no-reflow in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are limited to clinical cases and pilot studies. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intracoronary adrenaline administration in such patients. Ninety consecutive patients with refractory coronary no-reflow during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were prospectively included after the initial failure of conventional treatment.

Do platelets protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury or exacerbate cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury? The role of PDGF, VEGF, and PAF.

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the main causes of death. It is quite obvious that there is an urgent need to develop new approaches for treatment of AMI.

Objective: This review analyzes data on the role of platelets in the regulation of cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).

[Stress-Echocardiography in Low-risk Acute Coronary Syndrome Without Persistent ST-segment Elevation Diagnostic Algorithm].

This review addresses the capabilities of stress EchoCG as a simple, non-invasive, non-radiation method for diagnosing occult disorders of coronary blood flow in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome on a low-risk electrocardiogram. The capabilities of the enhanced stress EchoCG protocol are based on supplementing the standard detection of transient disturbances of local contractility, generally associated with coronary artery obstruction, with an assessment of the heart rate reserve, coronary reserve and other parameters. This approach is considered promising for a more complete characterization of heart function during exercise and an accurate prognosis of the clinical case, which allows determining the tactics for patient management not limited to selection for myocardial revascularization.

Chronic Heart Failure in Patients Hospitalized in 2002 and 2021: Comparative Analysis of Prevalence, Clinical Course and Drug Therapy.

Aim: Comparative analysis of the prevalence of chronic heart failure (CHF), clinical and medical history data, and drug therapy of patients admitted to a cardiology hospital in 2002 and 2021.

Material And Methods: The study analyzed the medical records of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CHF who were admitted in 2002 (n=210) and 2021 (n=381) to a specialized cardiology hospital.

Results: According to medical records of 2021, the proportion of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CHF (87.

The role of β-adrenergic receptors in the regulation of cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion. Why do β-adrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists protect the heart?

Background: Catecholamines and β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) play an important role in the regulation of cardiac tolerance to the impact of ischemia and reperfusion. This systematic review analyzed the molecular mechanisms of the cardioprotective activity of β-AR ligands.

Methods: We performed an electronic search of topical articles using PubMed databases from 1966 to 2023.

Ferroptosis, a Regulated Form of Cell Death, as a Target for the Development of Novel Drugs Preventing Ischemia/Reperfusion of Cardiac Injury, Cardiomyopathy and Stress-Induced Cardiac Injury.

The hospital mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is about 6% and has not decreased in recent years. The leading cause of death of these patients is ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) cardiac injury. It is quite obvious that there is an urgent need to create new drugs for the treatment of STEMI based on knowledge about the pathogenesis of I/R cardiac injury, in particular, based on knowledge about the molecular mechanism of ferroptosis.

Pro-Inflammatory Biomarkers and Progression of Atherosclerosis in Patients with Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: 1-Year Follow-Up.

Unlabelled: The objective of our study was to evaluate the concentrations of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in patients with acute myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) compared to patients with acute myocardial infarction with obstructive coronary arteries (MI-CAD) in the early post-infarction period and after 1 year and to perform a comparative analysis of the relationship between laboratory biomarkers and atherosclerosis progression in patients with MINOCA and MI-CAD.

Methods: Samples of peripheral venous blood were collected upon admission and on days 2, 4, and 7 of hospitalization and after 1 year. An extended multiplex analysis was performed in blood serum.

SCAI Staging Application for Acute Myocardial Infarction-Related Cardiogenic Shock at a Single-Center Russian Registry.

Aim: To access the features of the course of myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with different stages of MI complicated by cardiogenic shock (MI CS) according to the SCAI scale.

Methods: We retrospectively described the portrait of CS MI ( = 117) at different stages of SCAI from the hospital MI registry ( = 1253).

Results: Hospital mortality increased from stage to stage ( ≤ 0.

Microarray Analysis for Transcriptomic Profiling of Myocardium in Patients with Fatal Myocardial Infarction.

Transcriptomic evidence from human myocardium in myocardial infarction (MI) is still not sufficient. Thus, there is a need for studies on human cardiac samples in relation to the clinical data of patients. The purpose of our pilot study was to investigate the transcriptomic profile of myocardium in the infarct zone, in comparison to the remote myocardium, in patients with fatal MI, via microarray analysis.

Laser-Synthesized Elemental Boron Nanoparticles for Efficient Boron Neutron Capture Therapy.

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is one of the most appealing radiotherapy modalities, whose localization can be further improved by the employment of boron-containing nanoformulations, but the fabrication of biologically friendly, water-dispersible nanoparticles (NPs) with high boron content and favorable physicochemical characteristics still presents a great challenge. Here, we explore the use of elemental boron (B) NPs (BNPs) fabricated using the methods of pulsed laser ablation in liquids as sensitizers of BNCT. Depending on the conditions of laser-ablative synthesis, the used NPs were amorphous (a-BNPs) or partially crystallized (pc-BNPs) with a mean size of 20 nm or 50 nm, respectively.

[Repeated Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery 18 Years After the Primary Revascularization of Myocardium in a Patient With Acute Coronary Syndrome Without the Segment ST Elevation].

This article describes a clinical case of successful repeated coronary bypass grafting 18 years after the initial surgery in a patient with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome.

Natural sources of intense ultra-high-frequency radiation in high-voltage atmospheric discharges.

We study the sources of intense ultra-high-frequency (UHF) radiation (in the frequency range 1-6 GHz) arising during the development of high-voltage atmospheric discharges. The discharges were initiated in a long discharge gap by applying an approximately 1-MV pulse with positive or negative polarity. By employing a radio registration system based on ultrawideband antennas, we managed to localize the UHF radiation sources in the discharge with centimeter accuracy and investigate their temporal and spatial correlation with the discharge structures.

Study of Nuclear Reactions in Therapy of Tumors with Proton Beams.

This paper presents an assessment of nuclear reaction yields of protons, α-particles, and neutrons in human tissue-equivalentmaterial in proton therapy using a simulation with Geant 4. In this study, we also check an enhancement of nuclear reactions due to the presence of Bi, Au, 11B, and 10B radiosensitizer nanoparticles. We demonstrate that a proton beam induces a noticeable amount of nuclear reactions in the tissue.

Boron Nanoparticle-Enhanced Proton Therapy for Cancer Treatment.

Proton therapy is one of the promising radiotherapy modalities for the treatment of deep-seated and unresectable tumors, and its efficiency can further be enhanced by using boron-containing substances. Here, we explore the use of elemental boron (B) nanoparticles (NPs) as sensitizers for proton therapy enhancement. Prepared by methods of pulsed laser ablation in water, the used B NPs had a mean size of 50 nm, while a subsequent functionalization of the NPs by polyethylene glycol improved their colloidal stability in buffers.

Macrophages of the Cardiorenal Axis and Myocardial Infarction.

The aim of our study was to compare the features of macrophage (mf) composition of the kidneys in patients with fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and in patients without cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We used kidney fragments taken during autopsy. Macrophage infiltration was assessed by immunohistochemistry: antibodies CD68 were used as a common mf marker, CD80-M1 type mf marker, CD163, CD206, and stabilin-1-M2 type.

A historical literature review of coronary microvascular obstruction and intra-myocardial hemorrhage as functional/structural phenomena.

The analysis of experimental data demonstrates that platelets and neutrophils are involved in the no-reflow phenomenon, also known as microvascular obstruction (MVO). However, studies performed in the isolated perfused hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) do not suggest the involvement of microembolization and microthrombi in this phenomenon. The intracoronary administration of alteplase has been found to have no effect on the occurrence of MVO in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Association of coronary microvascular dysfunction and cardiac muscle injury in acute myocardial infarction: results of comparison of dynamic SPECT and cardiac MRI.

Aim      To study the interrelation of changes in coronary microcirculation by data of dynamic single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and myocardial injury by data of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Material and methods  The study included patients admitted to the emergency cardiology department with new-onset AMI. Contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI was performed for all patients on day 2-7 of admission.

The Signaling Mechanism of Remote Postconditioning of the Heart: Prospects of the Use of Remote Postconditioning for the Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains the leading cause of mortality in the world, highlighting an urgent need for the development of novel, more effective approaches for the treatment of AMI. Remote postconditioning (RPost) of the heart could be a useful approach. It was demonstrated that RPost triggers infarct size reduction, improves contractile function of the heart in reperfusion, mitigates apoptosis, and stimulates autophagy in animals with coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion.