[Comparative characteristics of the effectiveness of local therapy in acute tonsillopharyngitis].

Acute tonsillopharyngitis (ATP) is an infectious inflammation of the mucous membrane and lymphadenoid structures of the oropharynx. Sore throat, as the main symptom of ATP, is the most common reason for seeking outpatient medical care or self-medication. Topical therapy of sore throat in the treatment of non-streptococcal ATP is the most effective and safe.

[Application of Array-Based Oligonucleotides for Synthesis of Genetic Designs].

The application of array-based oligonucleotides in biological studies is described. These oligonucleotides are mainly used to design large libraries of various nucleotide sequences, which are applied to study protein-nucleic acid interactions, splicing, transcription, translation, and other regulatory processes in mammalian, yeast, and bacterial systems. The application of gene libraries generated by array-based nucleotides along with advanced methods of the combination of DNA duplexes will make it possible to obtain complex genetic designs for synthetic biology.

Optimization of Method for Human Sex Determination Using Peptidome Analysis of Teeth Enamel from Teeth of Different Biological Generation, Archeological Age, and Degrees of Taphonomic Preservation.

Determination of biological sex to human remains is a fundamental requirement in anthropological, archeological, and forensic anthropological studies. Sex determination based on morphological criteria is significantly limited in the cases of juvenile remains and adult skeletons in a poor state of preservation. Regular attempts have been made to use alternative techniques to resolve this issue, including analysis of tooth enamel peptides by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Dimeric Disintegrins from the Steppe Viper V. ursinii Venom.

Four dimeric disintegrins were isolated from the venom of the steppe viper V. ursinii using liquid chromatography. Disintegrins prevented adhesion of MCF7 cells to fibronectin, which indicates their interaction with integrin receptors of the αVβ1 type.

A many probes-one spot hybridization oligonucleotide microarray.

A variant of the hybridization oligonucleotide microarray, utilizing the principle of many probes-one spot (MPOS-microarrays), is proposed. A case study based on Orthopoxviruses (Variola, Monkeypox, and Ectromelia viruses) demonstrates a considerable increase in the fluorescence signal (up to 100-fold) when several oligonucleotide probes are printed to one spot. Moreover, the specificity of detection also increases (almost 1000-fold), allowing the use of probes that individually lack such high specificity.

[The new possibilities for the treatment of chronic cough associated with postnasal drip].

Cough is considered to be one of the leading clinical symptoms associated with the pathological changes in the respiratory system. Notwithstanding a great variety of therapeutic pharmaceutical products possessed of the antitussive action, physicians tend the give preference to the preparations producing the combined effect. The present article reports the results of the clinical study designed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the application of rengalin exhibiting the combined antitussive, anti-inflammatory, and broncholytic action in the patients presenting with the postnasal drip syndrome.

Unexpected transformation of black hole quenchers in electrophoretic purification of the fluorescein-containing TaqMan probes.

The fluorescence quenchers BHQ1 and BHQ2 can be modified by trace amounts of ammonium persulfate, used for initiating gel polymerization, in electrophoretic purification of TaqMan probes using a denaturing polyacrylamide gel. The case study of BHQ1 quencher has demonstrated that a Boyland-Sims reaction proceeds in the presence of ammonium persulfate to give the corresponding sulfate. The absorption maximum of the resulting quencher shifts to the short-wavelength region relative to the absorption maximum of the initial BHQ1.

[EXPERIMENTAL TESTING OF THE OPERATOR'S PERCEPTION OF SYMBOLIC INFORMATION ON THE HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAY DEPENDING ON THE STRUCTURAL COMPLEXITY OF VISUAL ENVIRONMENT].

The experiments showed that pilot's perception of symbolic information on the helmet-mounted display (HMD) depends on type of HMD (mono- or binocular), and structural complexity of the background image. Complex background extends time and increases errors in perception, particularly when monocular HMD is used. In extremely complicated visual situations (symbolic information on a background intricately structured by supposition of a TV image on real visual environment) significantly increases time and lowers precision of symbols perception no matter what the HMD type.

[Problems and prospects of creation of extracorporal systems for support of functional livers status].

The review considers features of efferent therapy employing extracorporeal systems, the devices known as "artificial liver" and "bioartificial liver" in the treatment of liver insufficiency. Analysis of literature data shows the need for further development of these biomedical studies and the search for optimal solutions in the selection of the source of hepatocytes, the development of bioreactors and biomaterials forming the basis of devices like "bioartificial liver". Taking into consideration certain advantages and disadvantages typical for various methods of extracorporeal support of the functional state of the liver one can evaluate prior experience in the treatment of liver diseases and approaches to the development of new, more effective medical technologies.

[On-microchip PCR for detection of influenza A viruses subtypes, circulating in the human population].

A oligonucleotide microchip was developed for revealing Influenza A viruses subtypes, circulating in human population: pandemic H1N1 swine influenza viruses, seasonal H1N1, H2N2, H3N2, H5N1, H9N2, H7N9. Typing of influenza virus was performed by on-microchip PCR. We used immobilized primers-probes selected for the neuraminidase gene that allows determining both subtype of neuraminidase and subtype of hemagglutinin.

[A prototype of oligonucleotide microarray for detection of pathogens relating to arena- and Filoviridae families].

A prototype of oligonucleotide microarray for detection of Lassa, Junin, Machupo, Guanarito viruses (Arenaviridae family), Ebola and Marburg viruses (Filoviridae family) was presented. An original approach founded on virus proteins (nucleocapsid protein for Junin, Guanarito, Machupo viruses and RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase for Lassa, Ebola and Marburg viruses) amino acid sequences analysis with subsequent transform of revealed unique peptides into due sets of oligonucleotides was used to design probes for hybridization and primers.

Effects of glucocorticoid antagonist on protein carbonylation in rat liver after daily 1-hour immobilizations.

Daily (for 3 days) 1-hour immobilizations were followed by an increase in protein oxidative modification and leukocyte infiltration in the liver, and a decrease in monoamine oxidase B activity. Receptor antagonist of glucocorticoids RU38486 limited the stress-induced increase in protein carbonylation and decrease in monoamine oxidase B activity in the organ and enhanced leukocyte infiltration of the liver.

Universal oligonucleotide microarray for sub-typing of Influenza A virus.

A universal microchip was developed for genotyping Influenza A viruses. It contains two sets of oligonucleotide probes allowing viruses to be classified by the subtypes of hemagglutinin (H1-H13, H15, H16) and neuraminidase (N1-N9). Additional sets of probes are used to detect H1N1 swine influenza viruses.

Variability of microsomal oxidation and porphyrin metabolism in rats.

An inverse relationship between erythropoiesis intensity and microsomal oxidation level has been detected during the early postnatal period in rats with high resistance to hypoxia.

First Mariner Mos1 transposase inhibitors.

We described chemical inhibitors of Mos1 transposition. Some were already known to affect a related prokaryotic transposase (Tn5) or HIV-1 integrase, whereas the other were new compounds in this field. The new compounds were all organized around a bis-(heteroaryl)maleimides scaffold.

Sequence-specific DNA cleavage mediated by bipyridine polyamide conjugates.

The design of molecules that damage a selected DNA sequence provides a formidable opportunity for basic and applied biology. For example, such molecules offer new prospects for controlled manipulation of the genome. The conjugation of DNA-code reading molecules such as polyamides to reagents that induce DNA damages provides an approach to reach this goal.

Sequence-specific recognition of double-stranded DNA by synthetic minor groove binder conjugates. toward the construction of artificial site-specific deoxyribonucleases.

Bis-conjugates of hairpin N-methylpyrrole/N-methylimidazole oligocarboxamide minor groove binders (MGB) possessing enhanced affinity and sequence-specificity for dsDNA were synthesized. Two hairpin MGBs were connected by their N-termini via an aminodiacetate linker. The binding of bis-MGB conjugates to the target DNA was studied by gel mobility retardation, footprinting, and circular dichroism; their affinity and binding mode in the DNA minor groove were determined.

Head-to-head bis-hairpin polyamide minor groove binders and their conjugates with triplex-forming oligonucleotides: studies of interaction with target double-stranded DNA.

Two hairpin hexa(N-methylpyrrole)carboxamide DNA minor groove binders (MGB) were linked together via their N-termini in head-to-head orientation. Complex formation between these bis-MGB conjugates and target DNA has been studied using DNase I footprinting, circular dichroism, thermal dissociation, and molecular modeling. DNase I footprint revealed binding of these conjugates to all the sites of 492 b.

Activity of nucleolar organizers in hepatocytes of rats with cirrhosis of the liver after treatment with bioactive preparations.

The therapeutic efficiency of bioactive preparations of the liver and spleen in the treatment of experimental toxic cirrhosis of the liver is shown. Evaluation of the nucleolar organizer activity showed the highest efficiency of treatment with human fetal liver extract.

Sequence-specific conjugates of oligo(2'-O-methylribonucleotides) and hairpin oligocarboxamide minor-groove binders: design, synthesis, and binding studies with double-stranded DNA.

New conjugates of triplex-forming pyrimidine oligo(2'-O-methylribonucleotides) with one or two 'head-to-head' hairpin oligo(N-methylpyrrole carboxamide) minor-groove binders (MGBs) attached to the terminal phosphate of the oligonucleotides with a oligo(ethylene glycol) linker were synthesized. It was demonstrated that, under appropriate conditions, the conjugates form stable complexes with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) similarly to triplex-forming oligo(deoxyribonucleotide) (TFO) conjugates containing 5-methylated cytosines. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the complex formation were evaluated by gel-shift assay and thermal denaturation.

Microarray assay for detection and discrimination of Orthopoxvirus species.

A microarray method was developed for simultaneous detection and identification of six species of Orthopoxvirus (OPV) including Variola, Monkeypox, Cowpox, Camelpox, Vaccinia, and Ectromelia viruses. The method allowed us to discriminate OPV species from varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Herpes Simplex 1 virus (HSV-1), and Herpes Simplex 2 virus (HSV-2) that cause infections with clinical manifestations similar to OPV infections. The nucleotide sequences of the C23L/B29R and the B19R genes identified for 86 and 72 different OPV strains, respectively, were used to design species-specific microarray oligonucleotide probes (oligoprobes).

Functionalized head-to-head hairpin polyamides: synthesis, double-stranded DNA-binding activity and affinity.

A series of 4 functionalized head-to-head-linked hairpin oligo(N-methylpyrrole) carboxamides with different linkers have been synthesized. Their ability to bind double-stranded DNA and sequence specificity were compared and the apparent Kd values of their DNA complexes were determined. These compounds, particularly those with iminodiacetic linkers, revealed a high affinity for DNA (Kd = 4.

Binding properties of the conjugates of oligo(2'-O-methylribonucleotides) with minor groove binders targeted to double stranded DNA.

Design, synthesis, physico-chemical and in vitro biological studies of new pyrimidine oligo(2'-O-methylribonucleotide) conjugates with oligocarboxamide minor groove binders (MGB) and benzoindoloquinoline intercalator (BIQ) are described. These conjugates formed stable triple helices with the target double-stranded DNA and inhibited its in vitro transcription upon binding.

Oligonucleotide--minor groove binder 1:2 conjugates: side by side parallel minor groove binder motif in stabilization of DNA duplex.

Synthetic polycarboxamides consisting of N-methylpyrrole (Py), N-methylimidazole (Im), N-methyl-3-hydroxypyrrole (Hp) and beta-alanine (beta) show strong and sequence-specific interaction with the DNA minor groove when they form hairpin structures with side-by-side antiparallel motifs. In the present paper, new conjugates containing two ligands linked to the same terminal phosphate of DNA strand were constructed. The paper describes optimized synthesis and properties of oligonucleotide-linked polyamide strands that insert into the minor groove of a duplex in a parallel or antiparallel orientation.