MicroRNA Profiling of Bone Marrow Plasma Extracellular Vesicles in Multiple Myeloma, Extramedullary Disease, and Plasma Cell Leukemia.

Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy characterized by an abnormal increase in monoclonal immunoglobulins. Despite significant advances in treatment, some patients progress to more aggressive forms of multiple myeloma, including extramedullary disease or plasma cell leukemia. Although the exact molecular mechanisms are not known, several studies have confirmed the involvement of small extracellular vesicle-enriched microRNAs in multiple myeloma progression.

Liquid biopsy of peripheral blood using mass spectrometry detects primary extramedullary disease in multiple myeloma patients.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most prevalent hematological malignancy, characterized by infiltration of the bone marrow by malignant plasma cells. Extramedullary disease (EMD) represents a more aggressive condition involving the migration of a subclone of plasma cells to paraskeletal or extraskeletal sites. Liquid biopsies could improve and speed diagnosis, as they can better capture the disease heterogeneity while lowering patients' discomfort due to minimal invasiveness.

Risk stratification of neurological decompression sickness in divers.

Introduction: Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a risk factor of decompression sickness (DCS). However, data on risk stratification of divers with a PFO are sparse. This study sought to evaluate the risk of neurological DCS (DCSneuro), based on the presence and grade of a right-to-left shunt (RLS).

No antidepressant-like acute effects of bright light on emotional information processing in healthy volunteers.

Rationale: Bright light treatment (BLT) is an efficacious antidepressant intervention, but its mechanism of action is not well understood. Antidepressant drugs acutely affect how emotional information is processed, pushing the brain to prioritise positive relative to negative input. Whether BLT could have a similar effect is not known to date.

Online behavioural activation during the COVID-19 pandemic decreases depression and negative affective bias.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for mental health interventions that can be easily disseminated during a crisis. Behavioural activation (BA) is a cost-effective treatment that can be administered by non-specialists; however, it is unclear whether it is still effective during a time of lockdown and social distancing, when opportunities for positive activity are significantly constrained.

Methods: Between May and October 2020, we randomised 68 UK participants with mild to moderate low mood to either a 4-week online programme of non-specialist administered BA or to a passive control group.

Pharmacogenetic algorithm for predicting daily dose of warfarin in Caucasian patients of Czech origin.

Objectives: Warfarin use is limited by a low therapeutic index and significant interindividual variability of the daily dose. The most important factor predicting daily warfarin dose is individual genotype, polymorphisms of genes (warfarin metabolism) and (sensitivity for warfarin). Algorithms using clinical and genetic variables could predict the daily dose before the initiation of therapy.

Role of blood biomarkers in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage - a prospectively studied cohort of patients.

The study of blood biomarkers can offer new possibilities in diagnostics, prognostication, determination of etiology, and management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. The aim of our study was to assess the relationship between a panel of selected blood biomarkers and clinical and radiodiagnostic parameters in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Primarily, the aim was to find a prognostic biomarker which could help in deciding on the optimal categorization of treatment.

Warfarin loading dose guided by pharmacogenetics is effective and safe in cardioembolic stroke patients - a randomized, prospective study.

Warfarin treatment is commonly started with a fixed loading dose that might be associated with an increased risk of bleeding. An individual maintenance dose can then be estimated based on a pharmacogenetic algorithm. Starting treatment with the estimated dose implies a longer time to reach the therapeutic range.

Experience of stigma and discrimination in families of persons with schizophrenia in the Czech Republic.

Rationale: Mental health-related stigma and discrimination not only affect persons living with schizophrenia but also their whole families. Stigma and discrimination reduction is key to respond to the unmet needs of persons with mental illness. The local context is of particular importance in this endeavor, as stigma and its manifestations depend on the specific conditions of the target population and across cultures and settings.

Impact of CYP2C19 Polymorphisms on Clinical Outcomes and Antiplatelet Potency of Clopidogrel in Caucasian Poststroke Survivors.

Background: Variable response after clopidogrel is well documented and may affect major adverse clinical events after stroke. Impact of CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms is an established marker linked to variable response after clopidogrel. However, the association of certain genetic polymorphisms with prediction of major adverse clinical events following stroke still remains controversial, especially in Caucasians.

Bond strengths of the adhesive resin-amalgam interface.

Purpose: To evaluate the tensile and shear bond strengths of eight adhesives and two amalgams (spherical and lathe cut).

Materials And Methods: Two high-copper amalgams (Tytin, spherical; and ANA-2000, dispersed phase) and seven adhesives (Panavia EX, C&B Metabond, Chameleon Metal Resin Cement, All-Bond 2, All-Bond C&B, Photo-Bond and Imperva Dual) were evaluated. An epoxy resin (Stycast 1266) was included as a control for comparison because it was an adhesive material of similar viscosity but different chemistry from the dental adhesives.

Clinical research on bonded amalgam restorations. Part 2: Further studies and clinical technique.

In vitro studies show that the adhesive amalgam technique is superior to the nonadhesive technique. Also, early clinical results indicate that the adhesive technique can eliminate the microspace between amalgam and tooth. And, it can retain amalgam on unprepared occlusal surfaces of molars and premolars, sealing the fissures.

Clinical research on bonded amalgam restorations. Part 1: SEM study of in vivo bonded amalgam restorations.

Exfoliated deciduous teeth, in which bonded or nonbonded amalgams had been placed two to three years previously, were examined directly and indirectly with the use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Bonding resin was found in the interface between the amalgam and the tooth structure, frequently obliterating the microspace. Several materials now are available that bond amalgam to tooth surfaces with bonding strength exceeding 10 MPa.

[Amalgam filling in clinical practice].

The quality of treatment of dental defects with amalgam is closely associated with the preparation of the cavity and its filling as well as with completion of the filling and its finish. Strict adherence of a correct working procedure improves markedly the standard of treatment and makes it possible to make use of the positive properties of amalgam from which the filling is prepared.