Superdiffusive Thermal Transport in Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticle Melts.

In contrast to normal diffusion processes, thermal conduction in one-dimensional systems is anomalous. The thermal conductivity is found to vary with the length as κ∼L^{α}(α>0), but there is a long-standing debate on the value α. Here, we present a canonical example of this behavior in polymer-grafted spherical nanoparticle (GNP) melts at fixed grafting density and nanoparticle radius.

Differentiating Essential and Dystonic Head Tremor: Exploring Arm Position Effects.

Background: Head tremor poses diagnostic problems, especially when present as an isolated or predominant symptom.

Objectives: To assess how maneuvers activating upper limb postural tremor can help differentiate head tremor in essential tremor (ET) from dystonic tremor (DT) in cervical dystonia.

Methods: 48 patients with head tremor (25 ET, 23 DT), underwent clinical examination and accelerometric evaluation of head and upper limb tremor during routine tremor-inducing tasks.

The impact of expiratory muscle strength training on voluntary cough effectiveness in Huntington's disease.

Background And Purpose: Dysfunction of the airway defence system in Huntington's disease (HD) is a significant but often overlooked problem. Although expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) is frequently utilized in cough effectiveness treatment, its specific impact in HD patients has not yet been explored. This study investigated the effects of EMST on voluntary peak cough flow (vPCF) in HD patients and evaluated the retention of potential gains post-intervention.

Is speech function lateralised in the basal ganglia? Evidence from de novo Parkinson's disease.

Background: Research on the possible influence of lateralised basal ganglia dysfunction on speech in Parkinson's disease is scarce. This study aimed to compare speech in de-novo, drug-naive patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with asymmetric nigral dopaminergic dysfunction, predominantly in either the right or left hemisphere.

Methods: Acoustic analyses of reading passages were performed.

Racial and ethnic sleep health disparities in adolescents and risk for type 2 diabetes: a narrative review.

Introduction: Sleep is an essential factor for health and wellbeing in people across the age spectrum; yet many adolescents do not meet the recommended 8-10 h of nightly sleep. Unfortunately, habitually insufficient sleep, along with the metabolic changes of puberty, puts adolescents at increased risk for a host of adverse health outcomes such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Furthermore, individuals from historically minoritized racial and ethnic groups (e.

Preoperative cognitive profile predictive of cognitive decline after subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.

Cognitive decline represents a severe non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) that can significantly reduce the benefits of subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN DBS). Here, we aimed to describe post-surgery cognitive decline and identify pre-surgery cognitive profile associated with faster decline in STN DBS-treated PD patients. A retrospective observational study of 126 PD patients treated by STN DBS combined with oral dopaminergic therapy followed for 3.

Smartphone Voice Calls Provide Early Biomarkers of Parkinsonism in Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder.

Background: Speech dysfunction represents one of the initial motor manifestations to develop in Parkinson's disease (PD) and is measurable through smartphone.

Objective: The aim was to develop a fully automated and noise-resistant smartphone-based system that can unobtrusively screen for prodromal parkinsonian speech disorder in subjects with isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) in a real-world scenario.

Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed regular, everyday voice call data from individuals with iRBD compared to early PD patients and healthy controls via a developed smartphone application.

Analysis of striatal connectivity corresponding to striosomes and matrix in de novo Parkinson's disease and isolated REM behavior disorder.

Striosomes and matrix are two compartments that comprise the striatum, each having its own distinct immunohistochemical properties, function, and connectivity. It is currently not clear whether prodromal or early manifest Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with any striatal matrix or striosomal abnormality. Recently, a method of striatal parcellation using probabilistic tractography has been described and validated, using the distinct connectivity of these two compartments to identify voxels with striosome- and matrix-like connectivity.

Functional neurological disorder: a comparative analysis of experience of Czech, Slovak, and Italian neurologists.

Aim Of Study: We aimed to compare knowledge, opinions, and clinical experiences among Czech, Slovak, and Italian neurologists to identify potential educational gaps and unify understanding.

Clinical Rationale For Study: Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a disabling condition characterised by motor, sensory, or cognitive symptoms which are incompatible with other neurological disorders. Novel diagnostic and treatment approaches have improved FND management.

Leg stereotypy syndrome: phenomenological and quantitative analysis.

Background: Leg stereotypy syndrome (LSS) is a very common, yet underrecognized condition. The pathophysiology of the condition is not well understood.

Objective: To evaluate and describe the visual kinematic characteristics of the repetitive leg movements in individuals with LSS.

p.L1795F LRRK2 variant is a common cause of Parkinson's disease in Central Europe.

Pathogenic variants in are one of the most common genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, the lesser-known p.L1795F variant was proposed as a strong genetic risk factor for PD, however, further families are currently lacking in literature.

Efficacy of non-computerized cognitive rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease: A one year follow up study.

In this study, we explored the effect of non-computerized cognitive rehabilitation in patients with Parkinson's disease in comparison with an intervention with elements of music therapy after the completion of a three-month program and one year after the end of the intervention. After the initial neuropsychological examination, the respondents were divided into two intervention groups. The experimental group (n = 26) underwent a twelve-week program of cognitive rehabilitation at a frequency of 60 minutes once a week.

Whole brain pattern of iron accumulation in REM sleep behavior disorder.

Isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is an early stage of synucleinopathy with most patients progressing to Parkinson's disease (PD) or related conditions. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in PD has identified pathological iron accumulation in the substantia nigra (SN) and variably also in basal ganglia and cortex. Analyzing whole-brain QSM across iRBD, PD, and healthy controls (HC) may help to ascertain the extent of neurodegeneration in prodromal synucleinopathy.

Abnormal Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytology in Functional Movement Disorders.

Objective: The role of inflammation and neuroimmune mechanisms, which have been documented in various neuropsychiatric disorders including the seizure subtype of functional neurological disorder, remains unclear in functional movement disorders (FMD). To explore these mechanisms, we analyzed selected inflammatory markers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with FMD.

Methods: We compared CSF markers in 26 patients with clinically established FMD (20 females; mean [SD] age = 43.

Impaired dual-task gait in Parkinson's disease is associated with brain morphology changes.

In Parkinson's disease (PD), impaired gait and cognition affect daily activities, particularly in the more advanced stages of the disease. This study investigated the relationship between gait parameters, cognitive performance, and brain morphology in patients with early untreated PD. 64 drug-naive PD patients and 47 healthy controls (HC) participated in the study.

Comparison of quantitative REM without atonia parameters in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder and early untreated Parkinson's disease.

Objectives: To analyze REM sleep without atonia (RWA) metrics in patients with isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and healthy subjects and compare them in terms of degree of presumed brainstem damage.

Methods: Forty-nine iRBD patients, 62 PD patients and 38 healthy controls were included into the analysis. Detailed polysomnographic and clinical data including motor, olfactory, autonomic, and cognitive assessment were obtained in all participants and subsequently compared within groups without RBD (i.

Sleepiness and comorbid sleep disorders in functional motor disorders: a comparative study with central hypersomnia.

Sleep symptoms, including excessive sleepiness, are frequently reported by patients with functional motor disorders (FMD). We aimed to classify the comorbid sleep disorders in FMD, and to investigate the relationship between subjective sleepiness and objective measures of hypersomnia, comparing them with data from people with central hypersomnia. A total of 37 patients (mean [SD] age 46.

Increased Frequency of Self-Reported Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Patients with Functional Movement Disorders.

Background: Functional movement disorders (FMD) are associated with a high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities.

Objective: To assess the frequency of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) in FMD.

Methods: A total of 167 consecutive patients with clinically definite FMD (mean age = 44.

Essential and dystonic head tremor: More similarities than differences.

Introduction: Head tremor is a common symptom of essential tremor (ET) and cervical dystonia (CD). In clinical practice, it is often difficult to distinguish between these two conditions, especially in cases where head tremor predominates.

Objectives: To investigate which clinical and instrumental methods best differentiate ET and CD in patients with head tremor.

Cortical and subcortical morphometric changes and their relation to cognitive impairment in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder.

Objective: To date, very few studies have focused on structural changes and their association with cognitive performance in isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD). Moreover, the results of these studies are inconclusive. This study aims to evaluate differences in the associations between brain morphology and cognitive tests in iRBD and healthy controls.

Expiratory Muscle Strength Training in Multiple System Atrophy: A Pilot Study.

Background: The effects of expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) has not yet been investigated in MSA patients.

Objective: The primary objective was to test the effects of EMST on expiratory muscle strength and voluntary peak cough flow (vPCF) in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA). The secondary objective was to assess the suitability of the pulmonary dysfunction index as a tool for identifying MSA patients with expiratory muscle weakness and reduced voluntary peak cough flow.