Exploring cytokinesis block micronucleus assay in Croatia: A journey through the past, present, and future in biomonitoring of the general population.

In this study, we used the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay to evaluate the background frequency of cytogenetic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the general population concerning different anthropometric data and lifestyle factors. The background frequency of CBMN assay parameters was analysed in 850 healthy, occupationally non-exposed male and female subjects (average age, 38±11 years) gathered from the general Croatian population from 2000 to 2023. The mean background values for micronuclei (MNi) in the whole population were 5.

Sevoflurane and isoflurane genotoxicity in kidney cells of mice.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the DNA damage and repair in kidney cells of Swiss albino mice after repeated exposure to sevoflurane and isoflurane and compare their detrimental effects. We used the alkaline comet assay to establish the genetic damage and measured three parameters: tail length, tail moment, and tail intensity of comets. These parameters were measured immediately after exposure to the above mentioned inhalation anaesthetics, two hours, six hours, and 24 hours later and were compared with the control group.

Effects of low doses of glyphosate on DNA damage, cell proliferation and oxidative stress in the HepG2 cell line.

We studied the toxic effects of glyphosate in vitro on HepG2 cells exposed for 4 and 24 h to low glyphosate concentrations likely to be encountered in occupational and residential exposures [the acceptable daily intake (ADI; 0.5 μg/mL), residential exposure level (REL; 2.91 μg/mL) and occupational exposure level (OEL; 3.

Cytotoxic, genotoxic and biochemical markers of insecticide toxicity evaluated in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and an HepG2 cell line.

This study evaluated the cyto- and genotoxic effects of three pesticides: α-cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid applied in vitro to human lymphocytes and HepG2 cells for exposure times of 4 and 24 h at concentrations corresponding to OEL, ADI and REL. Assessments were made using oxidative stress biomarkers and the alkaline comet, cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome and cell viability assays. Low doses of all three pesticides displayed DNA damaging potential, both in lymphocytes and HepG2 cells.

Assessment of oxidative stress responses and the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the herbicide tembotrione in HepG2 cells.

Tembotrione is a triketone herbicide, usually used for post-emergence weed control in corn. Currently, there is little or no published data on its genotoxicity to human cells either in vitro or in vivo. This study evaluated the impact of acute (4 and 24 h) exposure to low concentrations of tembotrione [corresponding to the acceptable daily intake (0.

Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes: link with biomarkers of the CBMN cytome assay in hospital workers chronically exposed to low doses of ionising radiation.

Individual sensitivity to ionising radiation (IR) is the result of interaction between exposure, DNA damage, and its repair, which is why polymorphisms in DNA repair genes could play an important role. We examined the association between DNA damage, expressed as micronuclei (MNi), nuclear buds (NBs), and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms in selected DNA repair genes (APE1, hOGG1, XRCC1, XRCC3, XPD, PARP1, MGMT genes; representative of the different DNA repair pathways operating in mammals) in 77 hospital workers chronically exposed to low doses of IR, and 70 matched controls. A significantly higher MNi frequency was found in the exposed group (16.

Micronucleus, alkaline, and human 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 modified comet assays evaluation of glass-ionomer cements - in vitro.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential of components leached from two conventional self-curing glass-ionomer cements (Fuji IX and Ketac Molar), and light-curing, resin modified glass-ionomer cements (Vitrebond, Fuji II LC). Evaluation was performed on human lymphocytes using alkaline and hOGG1 modified comet, and micronucleus assays. Each material, polymerised and unpolymerised, was eluted in extracellular saline (1 cm2 mL-1) for 1 h, 1 day, and 5 days.

Genotoxic effect of two bleaching agents on oral mucosa.

Aim: To analyze the genotoxic effect of two hydrogen peroxide-containing bleaching products on oral mucosal cells.

Materials And Methods: The research was conducted on 22 individuals divided into two groups. Group 1 used ZOOM2 and group 2 the Opalescence BOOST bleaching agent.

[Normal and cut-off values of the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay on peripheral blood lymphocytes in the Croatian general population].

The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay on peripheral blood lymphocytes is one of the most important methods employed in cytogenetic biomonitoring. For the purposes of biological dosimetry, it is important to know the spontaneous frequency of a biomarker and its normal values in general population. These values are used for population databases, which should be updated regularly.

Correlation between folate and vitamin B₁₂ and markers of DNA stability in healthy men: preliminary results.

The aim of this study was to find correlations between folate and vitamin B₁₂ on baseline damage in white blood cells and their association with smoking, alcohol consumption and ageing. Thirty-six healthy vitamin non-deficient male subjects were selected in a randomized study. Comet assay (SCGE) and micronucleus (MN) assay were used as biomarkers of DNA damage.

Beauvericin and ochratoxin A genotoxicity evaluated using the alkaline comet assay: single and combined genotoxic action.

This study was aimed at investigating the genotoxic potential of single beauvericin (BEA) and ochratoxin A (OTA) as well as their interaction in porcine kidney epithelial PK15 cells and human leukocytes using the alkaline comet assay. IC(50) of BEA (5.0 +/- 0.

[Antineoplastic drugs as a potential risk factor in occupational settings: mechanisms of action at the cell level, genotoxic effects, and their detection using different biomarkers].

This article brings an overview of the mechanisms of action of antineoplastic drugs used in the clinical setting. It also describes the genotoxic potentials of the most important classes of antineoplastic drugs involved in standard chemotherapy protocols. Classification of antineoplastic drugs according to the IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans is accompanied by data on their mutagenicity and the most recent updates in the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System.

Assessment of cyto/genotoxicity of irinotecan in v79 cells using the comet, micronucleus, and chromosome aberration assay.

Irinotecan is a topoisomerase I interactive agent, widely used in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. The genotoxic effects of the maximum single dose (18 microg mL-1), recommended monotherapy dose (9 microg mL-1), and recommended combined therapy dose (4.5 microg mL-1) of irinotecan were studied on V79 cells using the comet assay, chromosome aberration assay, and micronucleus test.

Evaluation of lead exposure in battery-manufacturing workers with focus on different biomarkers.

The influence of exposure to lead on the frequency of micronuclei (MN), nuclear buds and nucleoplasmatic bridges was investigated in peripheral blood lymphocytes in 15 male battery-manufacturing workers and 15 controls matched for age and smoking habits. In addition to MN test, blood lead (B-Pb) and cadmium (B-Cd), delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity, erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP), serum vitamin B(12) (S-Vit B(12)) and folate (S-folate) were determined in all subjects. Lead-exposed subjects had significantly higher MN frequency and B-Pb concentrations than controls.

The genotoxic risk in health care workers occupationally exposed to cytotoxic drugs--a comprehensive evaluation by the SCE assay.

Present study aimed at an integral assessment of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies in the health care workers occupationally exposed to cytostatics. The results of 500 individual analyses were evaluated. Drug handling practice was investigated in parallel and the results showed that cytostatics are mostly prepared outside hospital pharmacy (98%) and mainly handled by nurses (96%).

Chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Croatian hospital staff occupationally exposed to low levels of ionising radiation.

Medical staff is an occupational group exposed to different agents suspected to induce genetic damage. Among them ionising radiation is the most studied. Cytogenetic analysis of human chromosomes in peripheral lymphocytes allows direct detection of mutation in somatic cells.

Assessment of genotoxic risks in Croatian health care workers occupationally exposed to cytotoxic drugs: a multi-biomarker approach.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate genome damage induced in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Croatian health care workers occupationally exposed to cytotoxic drugs. A comprehensive multi-biomarker approach using the alkaline comet assay and cytogenetic endpoints (analysis of structural chromosome aberrations, SCE assay, lymphocyte proliferation kinetics and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay) was employed. The study included two populations of subjects: 50 health care workers occupationally exposed to cytotoxic drugs and 50 control subjects matched in age, gender and smoking habit.

Chromosome damage in workers in cigarette manufacturing industry.

To investigate whether occupational exposure to tobacco dust is genotoxic, a group of employees in a tobacco factory was tested for structural chromosome aberrations (CA), cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) that are well established as indicators of early biological effects. The study group consisted of 40 tobacco workers and an equal number of matched controls. The results obtained in the exposed group showed a significant increase in chromosome aberrations (R=0.

Genotoxic effects of anaesthetics in operating theatre personnel evaluated by the comet assay and micronucleus test.

Genetic damage induced by anaesthetic gases in occupationally exposed populations was investigated using the comet assay and micronucleus test. The study included two groups of subjects: 50 operating theatre medical workers (anaesthesiologists, technicians and nurses) and 50 control subjects corresponding in sex, age and smoking habit. The exposed group revealed an increase in genome damage in both tests.

Stable and unstable chromosome aberrations measured after occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and ultrasound.

Aim: To evaluate chromosome aberration and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assays as a method to estimate of health risk, we monitored 9 male subjects occupationally exposed to low doses of both ionizing radiation and ultrasound during a period of over 3 years.

Methods: Sampling was performed at 6-month intervals during a three-year period. First we used conventional chromosomal aberrations analysis.

Mercury chloride genotoxicity in rats following oral exposure, evaluated by comet assay and micronucleus test.

Mercury is a toxic element which is easily absorbed after ingestion or inhalation and deposited mainly in the kidney. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mercury chloride in rats. Female rats, aged 14 weeks, were receiving mercury chloride in oral doses of 0.

Micronucleus induction after whole-body microwave irradiation of rats.

Adult male Wistar rats were exposed for 2 h a day, 7 days a week for up to 30 days to continuous 2,450 MHz radiofrequency microwave (rf/MW) radiation at a power density of 5-10 mW/cm(2). Sham-exposed rats were used as controls. After ether anesthesia, experimental animals were euthanized on the final irradiation day for each treated group.

Genotoxicity of cadmium chloride in human lymphocytes evaluated by the comet assay and cytogenetic tests.

Peripheral blood lymphocytes were tested in vitro for genotoxic effects of cadmium chloride. Whole blood samples of four healthy, non-smoking subjects were preincubated with CdCl2 in concentrations of 10(-4), 10(-3), and 5 . 10(-3) mol/L for three hours before the cells were assessed for DNA-damage using the single cell alkaline gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay) or cultivated for chromosomal aberrations (CA), sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), and the micronucleus (MN) test.

Micronucleus distribution in human peripheral blood lymphocytes treated in vitro with cadmium chloride in G0 and S phase of the cell cycle.

Cadmium chloride (CdCl2 x H2O) in concentrations 10(-3) - 10(-6) M was tested for genotoxicity in human lymphocytes in vitro. The DNA damage was expressed through the occurrence of micronuclei (MN) and was detected using the cytochalasin-B-blocked MN assay. Human blood was treated in the G0 and S phase of the cell cycle.

Evaluation of genotoxic damage of cadmium chloride in peripheral blood of suckling Wistar rats.

The aim of this study was to evaluate possible genotoxic damage of cadmium chloride exposure in suckling rats by means of the comet assay and the in vivo micronucleus test of rat blood lymphocytes, because no information is available on the genotoxic effect of cadmium in rats at this early age. Pups were receiving cadmium (as CdCl(2).H(2)O) orally in fractions of 0.