Spotting d-band centers of single-atom catalysts by oxygen intermediate-boosted electrochemiluminescence.

Catalytic activities of single-atom catalysts are strongly dependent on their d-band centers. However, it is a long-standing challenge to provide a cost-effective and accurate evaluation for the positions of d-band centers of these catalysts due to the fact that the widely applicable photoelectron spectroscopy methodologies require complicated sampling and spectral unfolding processes. In this contribution, we have proposed oxygen intermediate-boosted electrochemiluminescence (ECL) for rapid spotting of the d-band centers of single-atom catalysts, involving single atomic Au, Ag, Cu and Fe.

Recombinant hemagglutinin displaying on yeast reshapes congenital lymphocyte subsets to prompt optimized systemic immune protection against avian influenza infection.

Introduction: Prophylactic vaccination is regarded as the most effective means to control avian flu infection. Currently, there is a need for a universal vaccine that provides broad and long-lasting protection against influenza virus. Meanwhile, although yeast-based vaccines have been used in clinic, studies are still required to further understand the molecular mechanism of yeast-based vaccines under physiological conditions.

Hemagglutinin expressed by yeast reshapes immune microenvironment and gut microbiota to trigger diverse anti-infection response in infected birds.

Introduction: The H5N8 influenza virus is a highly pathogenic pathogen for poultry and human. Vaccination is the most effective method to control the spread of the virus right now. The traditional inactivated vaccine, though well developed and used widely, is laborious during application and more interests are stimulated in developing alternative approaches.

Recombinant hemagglutinin protein and DNA-RNA-combined nucleic acid vaccines harbored by yeast elicit protective immunity against H9N2 avian influenza infection.

A safe, convenience, and effective vaccine for controlling avian influenza virus infection is crucial in scale poultry production. Yeasts are considered useful vaccine vehicles for the delivery of antigens, which has been used to protect human and animal health. We report here the development of H9N2 strain hemagglutinin (HA)-based recombinant protein vaccines (rH9HA) and DNA-RNA-combined vaccine (rH9-DNA-RNA) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the first time.

Modular Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Pyrroles via an Annulative Migration Reaction of Allenyl Ketones and -Toluenesulfonylmethyl Isocyanide.

The metal-free cyclization of allenyl ketones and -toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanide (TosMIC), promoted by CsCO, provides a convenient access to tetrasubstituted pyrroles in which an acyl group undergoes 1,2-migration. This tandem Michael addition/annulative migration synthetic strategy is general and high-yielding for various substituted allenyl ketones. Moreover, a phosphoryl or ester moiety is also a suitable functionality to enable such migration.

N-Acetyltransferase 9 Inhibits Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Proliferation by N-Terminal Acetylation of the Structural Protein GP5.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a serious threat to the global swine industry. As a typical immunosuppressive virus, PRRSV has developed a variety of complex mechanisms to escape the host innate immunity. In this study, we uncovered a novel immune escape mechanism of PRRSV infection.

Addressing the Origin of Single-Atom-Activated Supports Monitored by Electrochemiluminescence.

Currently, much attention has been paid to the efforts to stabilize and regulate single atoms through supports to obtain decent electrocatalytic behaviors. However, little concern was given to the effect of single atoms on modulating the electronic structure of supports, despite the catalytic activities and large quantities of supports in the catalytic reactions. Herein, we have localized Ru single atoms onto two-dimensional layered double hydroxide (NiFe-LDH) and studied the role of Ru single atoms in adjusting the electronic structure of the NiFe-LDH support.

Synthesis of Trisubstituted Furans via Copper(I)-Catalyzed Strain-Driving Cycloisomerization/Annulative Fragmentation.

The formed furan-fused cyclobutenes via Cu(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerization of readily available allenyl ketones bearing a cyclopropyl moiety are a highly reactive and powerful species, which undergo annulative fragmentation with terminal ynones to afford a wide variety of functional furans in moderate to high yields. This ring-distortion protocol features an unprecedented strain-controlled cycloisomerization/Diels-Alder/retro-Diels-Alder (CDRD) sequence under mild conditions.

Electrochemiluminescence detection of oxygen vacancies in layered double hydroxides.

A novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) platform was established to screen oxygen vacancies in layered double hydroxides (LDHs) by fabricating graphitic carbon nitride/LDH nanocomposites. The oxygen vacancy concentrations determined by the developed ECL platform were in good agreement with those obtained by XPS.

Gold Catalysis Enabling Furan-Fused Cyclobutenes as a Platform toward Cross Cycloadditions.

The inherently strained furan-fused cyclobutenes, generated via cycloisomerizations of allenyl ketones bearing cyclopropyl moiety under gold catalysis, have been utilized as reactive building blocks toward cross cycloadditions. The [4 + 2] and [3 + 2] annulations of these species with benzo[]isoxazoles and -iminoquinazolinium ylides furnish various three-dimensional cyclobutane-bridged polyheterocycles in good yields. A wide range of typically electron-deficient 1,3-dienes, heterodienes, and 1,3-dipoles can trap furan-fused cyclobutenes to afford several polycyclic architectures.

Gold(I)-Catalyzed [8+4] Cycloaddition of 1,4-All-Carbon Dipoles with Tropone.

Herein, we describe a gold(I)-catalyzed generation of nonclassical gold-containing 1,4-all-carbon dipoles from cycloisomerization/1,2-carbene transfer/ring opening cascade reactions of readily accessible allenyl ketones bearing a cyclopropyl moiety and its cyclization with tropone. This method features an unprecedented formal [8+4] high-order cycloaddition under mild conditions for delivering structurally complex 7,7,5-tricycles in generally moderate to high yields.

MiR-125b Suppression Inhibits Apoptosis and Negatively Regulates Sema4D in Avian Leukosis Virus-Transformed Cells.

Subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J), an oncogenic retrovirus, causes hemangiomas and myeloid tumors in chickens. We previously showed that miR-125b is down-regulated in ALV-J-induced tumors. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of miR-125b in ALV-J-mediated infection and tumorigenesis.