Comparison between Glasgow prognostic criteria and O-POSSUM/ P-POSSUM physiological indices in patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma and the occurrency of early postoperative complications.

Introduction: Gastric cancer is still the third cause of death worldwide due to malignant neoplasms. Its prognostic indices have not yet been well defined for surgical intervention in terms of stratifying the intensity of chronic inflammation. The Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) and O-POSSUM and P-POSSUM Indices may constitute these standardizations and were tested to assess the association between them and the prognosis after curative gastrectomy.

Characteristics of the learning curve in robotic thoracic surgery in an emerging country.

It is not established which factors impact the learning curve (LC) in robotic thoracic surgery (RTS), especially in emerging countries. The aim of this study is to analyze LC in RTS in Brazil and identify factors that can accelerate LC. We selected the first cases of two Brazilian surgeons who started their LC.

Endocrine-Metabolic Response in Patients Undergoing Multiple Body Contouring Surgeries After Massive Weight Loss.

Background: The endocrine-metabolic response to trauma is directly related to its magnitude, but little is known about the adverse effects of combined surgical procedures on morbidity.

Objectives: The authors sought to evaluate risk factors by measuring the endocrine-metabolic response in patients who underwent multiple body-contouring surgeries after massive weight loss.

Methods: This prospective, randomized, interventional study included 46 massive weight loss patients who experienced a weight loss >30% of their body mass index (BMI) and were referred for body contouring surgery.

Effects of local pressure on cutaneous blood flow in pigs.

Objective: to evaluate the effects of increasing pressures on the cutaneous blood flow in the skin of pigs.

Methods: we conducted an experimental study in pigs submitted to subcutaneous magnetic implants (n=30). After healing, were applied external magnets with varying magnetic forces to the skin, generating compression.

Functional and Volumetric Analysis of the Pectoralis Major Muscle After Submuscular Breast Augmentation.

Background: Dual plane breast augmentation is a technical variation of the submuscular plane described as a technique that reduces contour deformities due to contraction of the pectoralis major muscle and lower risk of double-bubble deformity associated with breast ptosis. Despite improvement in the aesthetic aspect, there is still no consensus whether this technique affects the function of the pectoralis major muscle.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to correlate functional with volumetric changes associated with dissection of the muscle origin in submuscular breast augmentation.

Use of platelet-rich plasma in deep second- and third-degree burns.

Unfortunately burns are a common occurrence, leading to scarring or death. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains many growth factors that can accelerate wound healing. We analyzed the use of PRP in deep second-degree (dSD), deep second-degree associated with diabetes mellitus (dSDD), and third-degree (TD) burns in rats.

Volumetric Evaluation of the Mammary Gland and Pectoralis Major Muscle following Subglandular and Submuscular Breast Augmentation.

Background: Besides being a procedure with high level of patient satisfaction, one of the main causes for reoperation after breast augmentation is related to contour deformities and changes in breast volume. Few objective data are available on postoperative volumetric analysis following breast augmentation. The aim of this study was to evaluate volume changes in the breast parenchyma and pectoralis major muscle after breast augmentation with the placement of silicone implants in the subglandular and submuscular planes.

Evaluation of the effects of silicone implants on the breast parenchyma.

Background: Despite being the cosmetic procedure most performed worldwide, there are still few objective measurements of postoperative volumetric analysis of breast augmentation available in the literature.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate volumetric changes in the breast parenchyma after the placement of silicone implants in the subglandular plane.

Methods: Thirty-four women were randomly allocated to the intervention group (n = 24), who underwent breast augmentation in the subglandular plane, or to the control group (n = 10), who received no intervention.

Utility of video-assisted endoscopy in transaxillary breast augmentation.

Background: Breast augmentation through incisions in the axillae is an option for patients who wish to avoid scars on the breasts. The axillary approach also preserves the mammary parenchyma and lactiferous ducts. The utility of video-assisted endoscopy during this procedure as a means to improve safety and aesthetic outcomes remains debatable.

Volumetric and functional evaluation of the gluteus maximus muscle after augmentation gluteoplasty using silicone implants.

Background: The gluteal muscles have been very important throughout the evolution of mankind for the adoption of the bipedal posture. Over the past 15 years, the intramuscular technique has become popular and has been improved, with enhanced results and reduced levels of postoperative complications. The insertion of gluteal implants within the musculature may be an intrinsic compression factor of these muscles.

Intramuscular technique for gluteal augmentation: determination and quantification of muscle atrophy and implant position by computed tomographic scan.

Background: New surgical techniques for gluteal augmentation have improved final results. It is estimated that more than 35,000 patients have undergone augmentation gluteoplasty using implants. The authors sought to determine and quantify the presence of muscle atrophy, and to evaluate implant positioning using the intramuscular technique.

Reducing wound complications in gluteal augmentation surgery.

Background: Over the past 30 years, many techniques have been proposed for gluteal augmentation with implants. The intramuscular technique provided greatly improved results and a consequent increase in the number of such procedures performed in Brazil. However, the data available in the medical literature reveal high rates of wound complications, mostly seroma and dehiscence.

Plasma lipid levels of rats fed a diet containing pork fat as a source of lipids after splenic surgery.

Experimental studies have suggested an important role of the spleen in lipid metabolism, although with controversial results. Our purpose was to analyze the effect of a nutritionally balanced (NB) diet and a diet containing pork fat (PF) as source of lipids on the lipid profile of rats submitted to splenic surgery. Sixty adult male Wistar rats were divided into six groups of 10 animals each: 1 sham-operated, NB diet; 2 sham-operated, PF diet; 3 total splenectomy (TS), NB diet; 4 TS, PF diet; 5 TS followed by splenic autotransplantation (SA), NB diet; and 6 SA, PF diet.

Effects of probiotic supplementation on markers of acute pancreatitis in rats.

Background: Intestinal barrier disruption followed by bacterial translocation seems to play a role in secondary pancreatic infection in acute pancreatitis. The use of probiotics as a possible adjuvant strategy in the treatment of acute pancreatitis needs to be investigated.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with a prophylactically administered multispecies probiotic mixture on the markers of acute pancreatitis and on the occurrence of bacterial translocation.

Brazilian law for scientific use of animals.

Unlabelled: The Brazilian scientific community claimed for a definitive systematization and for comprehensive and realistic national rules, to provide guidance and regulation, instead of sanctions, so that the question of scientific research involving animals could be better contemplated. This is beginning to occur now with Law no. 11.

Lipidic profile among rats submitted to total splenectomy isolated or combined with splenic autotransplant.

Purpose: To evaluate the alterations on plasmatic lipids levels among rats submitted to total splenectomy isolated or combined with splenic autotransplant receiving standard chow during the postoperative period.

Methods: Thirty Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (C)-- sham-operated, total splenectomy--isolated (TS) or combined with splenic autotransplantation (SA). Since the postoperative period, all animals received standard rat chow manipulated in accordance to the American Institute of Nutrition Rodents Diets (1993).

[Effect of oral supplement of l-glutamine in colonic wall of rats subjected to abdominal irradiation].

Purpose: To evaluate the structural alterations of the irradiated colonic wall in rats, verifying if L-glutamine supplementation is able to prevent them.

Methods: We used 30 male adult Wistar rats, divided into three groups: I--control, II--irradiated, and III-irradiated with L-glutamine supplementation during the 14 days of the study. Control group was maintained in laboratory standard conditions while groups II and three were submitted to abdominal radiation with an only dose of 1000 cGy in the 8th day of experimentation.

[Evaluation of radiological methods for detection of wood foreign body in animal model].

Purpose: To determine the usefulness of different radiological methods in the diagnoses of wooden foreign bodies (FB).

Methods: Eleven adult chickens were used. Each thigh received a puncture wound and in one of them a wooden splinter was introduced and left in place while in the contralateral it was introduced and removed (control group).

[Towards a Brazilian regimentation for use of animals in teaching and in scientific research].

Purpose: To describe the current situation of Brazilian regimentation for use of animals in teaching and in scientific research.

Methods: It was identified and discussed the legislation about the use of animals in teaching and in scientific research in Brazil and in Rio de Janeiro State.

Results: There is not an updated general and systematizing rule with focus on animal vivisection and experimentation, neither for didactic nor scientific purposes.

[Overwhelming postsplenectomy infection].

Background: Splenectomy performed at any age and for any reason increases the risk for death due to overwhelming infection.

Aim: To evaluate definition, etiology, incidence, risk factors and prophylaxis of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection, as well as the methods related to splenic tissue preservation when total splenectomy is necessary.

Method: Bibliographic review.

Bacterial clearance after total splenectomy and splenic autotransplantation in rats.

Wistar rats submitted to isolated total splenectomy or total splenectomy combined with splenic autotransplantation were inoculated with 99mtechnetium-labeled Escherichia coli. Measurement of isotope uptake in the organs of the mononuclear phagocytic system showed a greater bacterial bloodstream clearance in rats with splenic autotransplantation. Although uptake of bacteria in the spleen was higher in the control group, the number of bacteria remaining in the bloodstream did not differ between groups.