Free Radical Scavenging Effect and Immunomodulatory Activity of Total Saponins Extract of Ginseng Fibrous Roots.

Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mey) is known for its rich saponin compounds and tonic effects.

Oleanolic acid alleviate intestinal inflammation by inhibiting Takeda G-coupled protein receptor (TGR) 5 mediated cell apoptosis.

Oleanolic acid (OA) is a bioactive compound present in plant-based foods known for its beneficial impact on gastrointestinal health, specifically in alleviating diarrhea. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms by which OA mitigates gut epithelial damage have yet to be elucidated. In this study, OA significantly markedly ameliorated adverse effects induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS), including weight loss and epithelial morphological damage in a murine model.

Bile Acid Metabolic Profiles and Their Correlation with Intestinal Epithelial Cell Proliferation and Barrier Integrity in Suckling Piglets.

Bile acids (BAs) are crucial for maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis. However, the metabolic changes in BAs and the communication between intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in infants after birth remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate the BA profiles of newborn piglets (NPs) and suckling piglets (SPs), and to investigate their regulatory effects on IEC proliferation and barrier integrity, as well as the potential underlying mechanisms.

Dietary leaf extract improves laying performance by altering serum metabolic profiles and gut bacteria in aged laying hens.

The leaves of are rich in bioactive constituents that have potential gastrointestinal benefits for animals. In aged laying hens, intestinal health issues contribute to a significant decline in egg-laying capacity during intermediate and later stages. It remains unclear whether leaf extract (ELE) can improve intestinal health and enhance egg production in elderly laying hens, and the underlying mechanisms are yet to be elucidated.

antibacterial effects of leaf extract and its anti-colitis in DSS-treated mice.

Recently, the hybrid (BP) has been extensively cultivated and predominantly utilized in ruminants because of its high protein and bioactive compound content. In the present study, the effects of an ethanolic extract of BP leaves (BPE, 200 mg/kg) on mitigating 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced intestinal inflammation in mice were evaluated. BPE is rich in flavonoids, polyphenols, and polysaccharides, and displays potent antioxidant and antibacterial activities against pathogenic strains such as , , and subsp.

Hydrogen Sulfide Regulates Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscles via S-Sulfhydration of AMPK in Muscle Fiber Type-Dependent Way.

Background: The effect of hydrogen sulfide (HS) on glucose homeostasis remains to be elucidated, especially in the state of insulin resistance.

Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to investigate HS-regulated glucose uptake in the M. pectoralis major (PM) muscle (which mainly consists of fast-twitch glycolytic fibers) and M.

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid inhibits intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and induces apoptosis independent of the farnesoid X receptor.

Bile acids, such as taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), are considered as functional small molecules involved in nutrition regulation or acting with adjuvant therapeutic effects against metabolic or immune diseases. The homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium depends on the conventional cellular proliferation and apoptosis of cells. Herein, mice and normal intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2, a widely used normal intestinal epithelial cell line derived from porcine) were used as models to explore the regulatory effect of TCDCA on the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs).

Impact of fermented Broussonetia papyrifera on laying performance, egg quality, lipid metabolism, and follicular development of laying hens.

Hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera (BP) has been widely planted and commonly used as ruminant forage source after fermentation in China. Very less information is available to know the impact of fermented BP on laying hens, thus, we have investigated effects of dietary supplementation of Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented B. papyrifera (LfBP) on laying performance, egg quality, serum biochemical parameters, lipid metabolism, and follicular development of laying hens.

Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation protects the intestinal function in aging mice and D-galactose induced senescent cells.

The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) level shows a temporal decrease during the aging process, which has been deemed as an aging hallmark. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a key NAD precursor, shows the potential to retard the age-associated functional decline in organs. In the current study, to explore whether NMN has an impact on the intestine during the aging process, the effects of NMN supplementation on the intestinal morphology, microbiota, and NAD content, as well as its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and barrier functions were investigated in aging mice and D-galactose (D-gal) induced senescent IPEC-J2 cells.

L-Arginine/nitric oxide regulates skeletal muscle development via muscle fibre-specific nitric oxide/mTOR pathway in chickens.

L-Arginine (L-Arg), the precursor of nitric oxide (NO), plays an important role in muscle function. Fast-twitch glycolytic fibres are more susceptible to age-related atrophy than slow-twitch oxidative fibres. The effect of L-Arg/NO on protein metabolism of fast- and slow-twitch muscle fibres was evaluated in chickens.

Dietary Enteromorpha polysaccharide-Zn supplementation regulates amino acid and fatty acid metabolism by improving the antioxidant activity in chicken.

Background: Enteromorpha prolifera (E. prolifera) polysaccharide has become a promising feed additive with a variety of physiological activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, and cation chelating ability. However, whether Enteromorpha polysaccharide-trace element complex supplementation regulates amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in chicken is largely unknown.

Luteolin increases susceptibility to macrolides by inhibiting MsrA efflux pump in Trueperella pyogenes.

Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is an opportunistic pathogen associated with a variety of diseases in many domestic animals. Therapeutic treatment options for T.

Optimization of ultrasound extraction of Tribulus terrestris L. leaves saponins and their HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS profiling, anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism in vitro and in vivo.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Tribulus terrestris L., as an annual herb plant from Zygophyllaceae, exhibits many biological activities, and its main chemical constituents are saponins. However, the extraction process, chemical compositions, anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of total saponins from Tribulus terrestris L.

Rutin prevents inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW 264.7 cells via conquering the TLR4-MyD88-TRAF6-NF-κB signalling pathway.

Objectives: Inflammation widely exists in many diseases and poses a great threat to human and animal health. Rutin, quercetin-3-rhamnosyl glucoside, has a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer and radioresistance effects. The current study focused on evaluation of its anti-inflammatory activity and described the mechanism of rutin in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.

Short-Term Oral UMP/UR Administration Regulates Lipid Metabolism in Early-Weaned Piglets.

As a main ingredient of milk, the nucleotides content is about 12-58 mg/g, which plays a critical role in maintaining cellular function and lipid metabolism. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of short-term uridine monophosphate (UMP) and uridine (UR) administration on lipid metabolism in early-weaned piglets. Twenty-one weaned piglets (7 d of age; 3.

The regulatory effect of flavonoids extracted from leaves on gene expression in LPS-induced ALI mice via the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.

ALI is a common disease characterized by acute pulmonary inflammatory disorder. Medik. (Malvaceae), as a Chinese traditional medicine, is used for the treatment of inflammation.

Endogenous CSE/Hydrogen Sulfide System Regulates the Effects of Glucocorticoids and Insulin on Muscle Protein Synthesis.

Aims: Insulin and glucocorticoids play crucial roles in skeletal muscle protein turnover. Fast-twitch glycolytic fibres are more susceptible to atrophy than slow-twitch oxidative fibres. Based on accumulating evidence, hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a physiological mediator of this process.

Developing boron nitride-pyromellitic dianhydride composite for removal of aromatic pollutants from wastewater via adsorption and photodegradation.

A series of boron nitride-pyromellitic dianhydride composites have been successfully synthesized by calcinating the mixtures of boron nitride (BN) and pyromellitic dianhydride (PA) at 350 °C, in which the composite (BNPA2) has the largest adsorption quantity (65.1 mg/g) for rhodamine B (RhB) and the best photo-removal efficiency for RhB under visible light irradiation. H NMR characterizations for BN, PA and BNPA2 suggest that this composite is formed via the reaction between the OH groups in BN and PA.

L-Arginine Enhances Protein Synthesis by Phosphorylating mTOR (Thr 2446) in a Nitric Oxide-Dependent Manner in C2C12 Cells.

Muscle atrophy may arise from many factors such as inactivity, malnutrition, and inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the stimulatory effect of nitric oxide (NO) on muscle protein synthesis. Primarily, C2C12 cells were supplied with extra L-arginine (L-Arg) in the culture media.

The Mixing Counterion Effect on DNA Compaction and Charge Neutralization at Low Ionic Strength.

DNA compaction and charge neutralization in a mixing counterion solution involves competitive and cooperative electrostatic binding, and sometimes counterion complexation. At normal ionic strength, it has been found that the charge neutralization of DNA by the multivalent counterion is suppressed when being added extra mono- and di-valent counterions. Here, we explore the effect mixing counterion on DNA compaction and charge neutralization under the condition of low ionic strength.

Dredged-Sediment-Promoted Synthesis of Boron-Nitride-Based Floating Photocatalyst with Photodegradation of Neutral Red under Ultraviolet-Light Irradiation.

A novel floating photocatalyst (BN-DS-7) has been successfully synthesized by calcining the mixture of boron nitride (BN) and dredged sediment (DS) with a specific mass ratio (3:7) at 1100 °C for a half hour. BN is synthesized for the first time using an oxygen-limited method, which consists of a nanoplate ∼30 nm in size and has a bandgap at 3.94 eV.

Developing polyetherimide/graphitic carbon nitride floating photocatalyst with good photodegradation performance of methyl orange under light irradiation.

Polyetherimide-graphitic carbon nitride (PEI-g-CN) floating photocatalyst has been synthesized by using polyetherimide (PEI) as linker to bind graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) together. XRD and XPS analysis for PEI-g-CN show that the interaction between PEI and g-CN does not disturb the structure of g-CN. FTIR, TEM and theoretical results suggest that the long chain PEI binds g-CN particles together to form PEI-g-CN via hydrogen bonding interaction.

Single Molecular Demonstration of Modulating Charge Inversion of DNA.

Charge inversion of DNA is a counterintuitive phenomenon in which the effective charge of DNA switches its sign from negative to positive in the presence of multivalent counterions. The underlying microscopic mechanism is still controversial whether it is driven by a specific chemical affinity or electrostatic ion correlation. It is well known that DNA shows no charge inversion in normal aqueous solution of trivalent counterions though they can induce the conformational compaction of DNA.

Glucocorticoids Enhance Muscle Proteolysis through a Myostatin-Dependent Pathway at the Early Stage.

Myostatin, a member of the TGF-β superfamily of secreted proteins, is expressed primarily in skeletal muscle. It negatively regulates muscle mass and is associated with glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy. However, it remains unclear whether myostatin is involved in glucocorticoid-induced muscle protein turnover.

Three New Isomeric Indole Alkaloids from Nauclea officinalis.

Three new isomeric monoterpene indole alkaloids, naucleofficines I-III (1-3, resp.) were isolated from the stems (with bark) of Nauclea officinalis. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods and single-crystal diffraction analyses.