Early postnatal gentamicin and ceftazidime treatment in normal and food restricted neonatal wistar rats: Implications for kidney development.

Background: Up to two-thirds of premature born neonates are treated for infections with aminoglycosides such as gentamicin. Although acute toxicities are well described, there is uncertainty on developmental changes after treatment of premature born neonates. We studied the effect of gentamicin and ceftazidime on kidney development in the rat.

The Effects of Early Postnatal Diuretics Treatment on Kidney Development and Long-Term Kidney Function in Wistar Rats.

Background: Diuretics are administered to neonates to control fluid balance. We studied whether clinical doses affected kidney development and function and whether extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) could be a modulator.

Methods: Wistar rats were cross-fostered in normal food or food restricted litters at postnatal day (PND) 2 and treated daily with 0.

Impact of Early Postnatal NSAID Treatment on Nephrogenesis in Wistar Rats.

Background: Prematurely born children with patent ductus arteriosus are treated with ibuprofen or indomethacin, which may inhibit kidney development. We determined whether clinical doses affected kidney development and function, with or without extrauterine growth retardation.

Methods: Wistar rats were cross-fostered in normal food (NF) or food restricted (FR) litters at postnatal day (PND) 2.

Antibiotics and renal branching morphogenesis: comparison of toxicities.

Background: Many premature born neonates receive antibiotic drugs to treat infections, which are applied during active nephrogenesis. We studied the impact of clinical concentrations of gentamicin and alternatives, ceftazidime and meropenem, on ureteric branching.

Methods: Mice metanephroi were dissected at embryonic day 13 and cultured in media with or without various concentrations of gentamicin, ceftazidime, or meropenem.

The interplay between drugs and the kidney in premature neonates.

The kidney plays a central role in the clearance of drugs. However, renal drug handling entails more than glomerular filtration and includes tubular excretion and reabsorption, and intracellular metabolization by cellular enzyme systems, such as the Cytochrome P450 isoenzymes. All these processes show maturation from birth onwards, which is one of the reasons why drug dosing in children is not simply similar to dosing in small adults.