Theories of ability and the pursuit of challenge among adolescents with mild mental retardation.

Dweck (1991) distinguishes two different ways children can view their abilities. Children who have an 'incremental theory' of their ability believe that it is a changeable, increasable and controllable quantity. Those who have an 'entity theory' believe their ability represents a fixed, unchangeable trait.

Talc pneumoconiosis: a pathologic and mineralogic study.

Seventeen cases of "talc pneumoconiosis" were examined pathologically and mineralogically to ascertain whether a true talc pneumoconiosis existed and also to compare these results in primary, secondary, and tertiary exposures. Mineralogic analyses were performed on wet tissue or tissue blocks by a variety of techniques, including analytical transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. Overall, the pathologic appearance of the tissues was similar in primary, secondary, and tertiary exposures, although ferruginous bodies and foreign body giant cells were not always present in cases caused by secondary exposures.

Inorganic particulates in pneumoconiotic lungs of hard metal grinders.

Data from the analysis of lung dust in 16 metal grinders who had been exposed to hard metals between five and 44 years is reported. The mean latent time between the first exposure and analysis in biopsy or necropsy specimens was 33.6 years.

Diagnostic and prognostic value of monoclonal antibodies in immunophenotyping of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy/lymphogranulomatosis X.

Immunophenotyping of frozen lymph node sections from seven patients with morphologically defined angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD) was performed with a panel of 20 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb). MoAb for identification of dendritic reticulum cells showed remnants of follicular structures in all cases. In four cases these 'burnt out' follicular structures were associated with clusters of polyclonal B-cells.

[Late complications of thorotrast. Experiences from Zurich].

57 cases of late sequelae after diagnostic thorotrast exposure (recorded between 1944 and 1982 in Zurich) are presented. The alpha-ray-emitting contrast medium thorotrast is carcinogenic and fibrogenic. Malignant tumors occurred in about half of our cases after a latency period of 14 to 44 years, comprising 8 primary liver carcinomas, 2 carcinomas of the bile ducts, 3 malignant hemangioendotheliomas of the liver, 10 renal pelvic carcinomas and sarcomas, and one acute myelogenous leukemia.

Specificity of pulmonary vascular lesions in primary pulmonary hypertension. A reappraisal.

The type and distribution of pulmonary vascular lesions in 23 cases of primary pulmonary hypertension were reviewed. 15 cases were classified as plexogenic arteriopathy. The remaining cases displayed thromboembolic lesions.

Diagnostic and prognostic value of monoclonal antibodies in immunophenotyping of T cell lymphomas.

6 cases of post-thymic T cell lymphoma (PTCL) and 4 cases of T lymphoblastic lymphoma were investigated with a panel of 21 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb). The PTCL group was composed of 2 by 2 cases of lymphoepithelioid cell lymphoma, T zone lymphoma and T immunoblastic lymphoma. In lymphoepithelioid cell lymphoma, the cell proliferating activity was low, and a malignant clone was not identifiable by the methods used.

Morphological aspects of interactions between asbestos fibers and human mesothelial cell cytoskeleton.

The interaction of chrysotile and amphibole asbestos fibers with the cytoskeleton of cultured human mesothelial cells from nontumoral pleural effusions was studied using scanning electron and immunofluorescence microscopy. Asbestos-exposed mesothelial cells show a massive annular condensation of cytokeratin filaments, forming a concentric ring enveloping the nucleus and the phagocytosed asbestos fibers. By detergent extraction of the cells it could be shown that the asbestos fibers are in close contact with the nuclear membrane and associated with the cytoskeletal framework of the cells.

Immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma.

The histological diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma of the pleura, especially the distinction from peripheral adenocarcinoma of the lung, may be difficult. The immunohistochemical reports previously published on this subject show diverging results mainly because a variety of antibodies and staining techniques have been used by the different authors. To obtain comparable and reproducible results standard techniques and commercialized antibodies should be applied in routine pathology.

[Pneumoconiosis caused by "rare earths" (cer-pneumoconiosis)].

Slowly progressive restriction in respiratory function was observed in five reproduction photographers who had been exposed to fumes of carbon arc lamps for more than a decade. In all cases interstitial lung fibrosis had developed and accumulations of fine granular dust particles were found in the tissue. Combined analyses including X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, plasma analysis, X-ray microanalysis and electron diffraction revealed the presence of rare earth minerals (mainly cerium compounds) in all lungs.

[Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses, an occupational disease?].

In Great Britain and other countries there have been reports of an increased frequency of adenocarcinoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses, mimicking histologically mucinous colonic carcinoma, among workers exposed to wood dust and workers in the leather industry. No such cases have been reported so far in Switzerland. 31 patients with this type of adenocarcinoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses observed between 1953 and 1984 have been reviewed.

Focal lacunar resorption in the articular cartilage of femoral heads.

Human articular cartilage taken from 92 femoral heads at autopsy was examined macroscopically and microscopically. Fifty-two showed no changes except for occasional slight degeneration in the non-pressure areas; these changes were visible only microscopically. In the remaining 40 heads, different degrees of osteoarthrosis were seen; half the heads also showed focal lacunar resorptive lesions in the cartilage.

Establishment and characterization of an Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-negative hairy cell line.

Continuous cell lines have been established from spleen cells of patients with confirmed hairy cell leukemia (HCL). One cell line, HCL-Z1, lacks Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA), grows attached to the substratum and retains typical features of hairy cells as revealed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. HCL-Z1 differs morphologically from the three other EBNA-positive lymphoblastoid cell lines obtained (HCL-Z2, HCL-Z3, HCL-Z4) as well as from normal spleen cells or lymphocytes.

Monoclonal antibodies to human type IV collagen: useful reagents to demonstrate the heterotrimeric nature of the molecule.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been prepared against type IV collagen isolated from human kidney. Two mAbs, designated CIV 22 and CIV 16, were extensively characterized. CIV 22 reacted only with native type IV collagen, whereas CIV 16 also bound to fragments derived from the alpha 1(IV) chain after reduction and alkylation of the molecule.

Electron and immunoelectron microscopic investigation of basal lamina thickening in synovial capillaries and post-capillary venules in rheumatoid arthritis.

Capillaries and post-capillary venules in the synovium obtained from 12 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have been investigated by electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy with a monoclonal antibody against human type IV collagen, which is one of the major basal lamina (BL) components. The level of BL thickening in RA synovial vessels is roughly parallel with that of cellular exudation. The BL thickening may be due to excessive production of BL components, in which the accelerated rate of death and replenishment of endothelial cells and pericytes plays an important role.

Primary leiomyosarcoma of extragnathic bones. Case report and review of literature.

In a 60-year-old man, a swelling anteromedially just below the knee led to the discovery of an intraosseous leiomyosarcoma. It is the 13th documented case of primary leiomyosarcoma of bone outside the facial skeleton. Clinical and pathologic findings, modes of treatment and therapeutic results are reviewed, and theories of histogenesis discussed.

The effects of gold sodium thiomalate on the binding and internalization of concanavalin A in human mononuclear phagocytes.

The effects of gold sodium thiomalate (GST) on the binding and internalization of concanavalin A (Con A) in human mononuclear phagocytes (M phi) were investigated in vitro. First, the binding and internalization of Con A were examined quantitatively using 3H-Con A. The prolonged incubation with GST induced a prominent inhibition of 3H-Con A internalization in M phi.

The localization and secretion of type IV collagen in synovial capillaries by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody against human type IV collagen.

The localization and the secretion of type IV collagen in synovial capillaries have been investigated by detecting the antigenic determinant of the major triple helix of human type IV collagen. Type IV collagen was indicated to be localized mainly in the lamina densa of basement membranes (BM) and to be secreted by both endothelial cells and pericytes. The pericytes secreted this collagen to both surfaces facing endothelial cells and the interstitial connective tissue.

[Occurrence of pannus in arthrosis].

Eight human femoral heads, surgically removed from patients with the clinical diagnosis: coxarthrosis or necrosis, were examined. In six of these we found severe arthrosis combined with synovitis and pannus formation. The pannus appeared as granulation tissue or fibrous connective tissue covering the surface of the cartilage or growing into it.