Acute kidney injury in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Purpose Of Review: Acute kidney injury (AKI) in the setting of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is common in pediatric and adult patients. The incidence ranges from 12 to 66%, and development of AKI in the posttransplant course is independently associated with higher mortality.

Recent Findings: Patients who undergo HSCT have many risk factors for developing AKI, including sepsis, use of nephrotoxic medications, graft versus host disease (GVHD), and veno-occlusive disease (VOD).

Emerging Concepts in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation-Associated Renal Thrombotic Microangiopathy and Prospects for New Treatments.

Thrombotic microangiopathy associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT-TMA) is a well-recognized complication of HSCT that has a high risk for death. Even in patients who survive, HSCT-TMA is associated with long-term morbidity and chronic organ injury. HSCT-TMA is a multisystem disease that often affects the kidneys.