Combined cystometrography and electromyography of the external urethral sphincter following complete primary repair of bladder exstrophy.

Purpose: Concern in patients with bladder exstrophy after reconstruction regarding potential injury to pelvic neurourological anatomy and a resultant functional deficit prompted combined (simultaneous) cystometrography and electromyography after complete primary repair of bladder exstrophy. We determined whether complete primary repair of bladder exstrophy would adversely affect the innervation controlling bladder and external urethral sphincter function.

Materials And Methods: Complete primary repair of bladder exstrophy was performed via a modified Mitchell technique in newborns without osteotomy.

The relevance of Randall's plaques.

The pathophysiology of nephrolithiasis is not fully understood. The pioneering work of Alexander Randall in the 1940s sought to clarify our understanding of stone formation. This review traces the inception of the theory of Randall's plaques and the refinement of the hypothesis in the early days of kidney stone research.

The Postoperative Morbidity Index: a quantitative weighing of postoperative complications applied to urological procedures.

Background: The reporting of post-operative complications in the urological field is lacking of a uniform quantitative measure to assess severity, which is essential in the analysis of surgical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of estimating quantitative severity weighing of post-operative complications after common urologic procedures.

Methods: Using a large healthcare system's quality database, complications were identified in eleven common urologic procedures (e.

Transformation of N-phenylpiperazine by mixed cultures from a municipal wastewater treatment plant.

Samples from a wastewater treatment plant were used as inocula for mixed cultures dosed with N-phenylpiperazine (NPP), a model compound containing the piperazine ring found in many fluoroquinolones. Chemical analyses showed that NPP (50 mg liter(-1)) disappeared in 12 days, with the appearance of a transient metabolite and two nitrosated compounds.