Culturally tailored evidence-based substance use disorder treatments are efficacious with an American Indian Southwest tribe: an open-label pilot-feasibility randomized controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Many evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for substance use disorder (SUD) exist, yet few are tailored to Indigenous patients. This trial tested the efficacy of a culturally tailored EBT that combined Motivational Interviewing and the Community Reinforcement Approach (MICRA) versus treatment as usual (TAU).

Design: A mixed efficacy/effectiveness randomized controlled trial of MICRA (n = 38) and TAU (n = 41) using a parallel design with follow-up assessments at 4-, 8-, and 12- months post baseline.

Pair-bonding, fatherhood, and the role of testosterone: A meta-analytic review.

Males of many species must allocate limited energy budgets between mating and parenting effort. The Challenge Hypothesis provides a framework for understanding these life-history trade-offs via the disparate roles of testosterone (T) in aggression, sexual behavior, and parenting. It predicts that males pursuing mating opportunities have higher T than males pursuing paternal strategies, and in humans, many studies indeed report that men who are fathers and/or pair-bonded have lower T than childless and/or unpaired men.

Evaluating the Validity of the DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder Diagnostic Criteria in a Sample of Treatment-seeking Native Americans.

Objective: Despite high rates of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and alcohol-induced deaths among Native Americans, there has been limited study of the construct validity of the AUD diagnostic criteria. The purpose of the current study was to examine the validity of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) AUD criteria in a treatment-seeking group of Native Americans.

Methods: As part of a larger study, 79 Native Americans concerned about their alcohol or drug use were recruited from a substance use treatment agency located on a reservation in the southwestern United States.

Obligatory exercise and coping in treatment-seeking women with poor body image.

Purpose: Obligatory exercise is characterized by continued exercise despite negative consequences, and intense negative affect when unable to exercise. Research suggests psychosocial differences between individuals that exercise in an obligatory manner and those that do not. It also has been speculated that obligatory exercise may serve coping and affect regulation functions, yet these factors have not been routinely examined in community women with poor body image.

Body dissatisfaction predicts poor behavioral weight loss treatment adherence in overweight Mexican American women.

Poor adherence poses a major barrier to the success of behavioral weight loss (BWL) programs, particularly for overweight Mexican American women. Given the high prevalence and costs of overweight/obesity, factors that contribute to attendance and adherence problems should be identified, especially in ethnic minority populations. The current study examined the role of pre-treatment body dissatisfaction and depression in predicting attendance and adherence in a BWL intervention.