Relation between BCG vaccine scar and an interferon-gamma release assay in immigrant children with "positive" tuberculin skin test (≥10 mm).

Background: Immigrants from countries with high incidence of tuberculosis (TB) are usually offered screening when they arrive to low incidence countries. The tuberculin skin test (TST) is often used. The interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) are more specific and not affected by BCG vaccination.

Best practice forum: standard high level disinfection protocol development.

Gluteraldehyde-based high-level disinfection (HLD) poses significant safety risks for staff and patients as well as institutional cost concerns. A value analysis team reviewed HLD practices, available products, and environmental requirements in view of the literature and standards developed by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Institutional areas were identified and standardized unit-specific educational and competency programs were established.

Sensations of temperature and humidity during alternative work/rest and the influence of underwear knit structure.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of alternate work/rest and knit structure of underwear on various subjective sensations of temperature and humidity. Underwear manufactured from 100% polypropylene fibres in five different knit structures (1-by-l rib, fleece, fishnet, interlock, double-layer rib) were applied and tested as part of a prototype clothing system. Human testing was done on eight male subjects, and took place at T = 5°C, T = - 3·5°C and V = 0·32ms.