Publications by authors named "Ruth Nhema"
One-third of people with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa start antiretroviral therapy (ART) with advanced disease. We investigated associations between immune biomarkers and mortality in participants with advanced HIV randomised to cotrimoxazole or enhanced antimicrobial prophylaxis in the Reduction of Early Mortality in HIV-Infected Adults and Children Starting Antiretroviral Therapy (REALITY) trial (ISRCTN43622374). Biomarkers were assayed using ELISA and Luminex.
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- The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) in a group of African adults and children with low CD4+ cell counts, and its relationship to mortality rates and new cases of cryptococcal disease in the REALITY trial.
- Researchers conducted retrospective testing on plasma samples from participants who were either given enhanced prophylaxis or standard treatment while starting antiretroviral therapy.
- Findings indicated that enhanced prophylaxis led to fewer deaths and new cases of cryptococcal disease regardless of the initial CrAg positivity status, implying that treatment effectiveness was consistent across different baseline conditions.