Patients as teachers: a within-subjects randomized pilot experiment of patient-led online learning modules for health professionals.

Purpose: Many health professions education programs involve people with lived experience as expert speakers. Such presentations may help learners better understand the realities of living with chronic illness or experiencing an acute health problem. However, lectures from only one or a small number of people may not adequately illustrate the perspectives and experiences of a diverse patient cohort.

Race/Ethnicity and Other Predictors of Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the US Population.

Objectives: Among US adults aged 20 + years in the USA with previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we aimed to estimate the prevalence of early-onset T2DM (onset at age < 50.5 years) and to test associations between early-onset T2DM and race/ethnicity, and other hypothesized predictors.

Methods: We pooled data from the annual National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) over the years 2001 through 2018.

Retirement status and physical activity in US adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Influence of sex, race/ethnicity and acculturation level.

Aims: We aimed to assess the association between retirement status and recreational physical activity (rPA) in US adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while accounting for potential modification effects.

Methods: We extracted data from the 2007-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We used logistic regression models to evaluate the association between self-reported retirement status and high rPA (i.

Socioeconomic inequalities, psychosocial stressors at work and physician-diagnosed depression: Time-to-event mediation analysis in the presence of time-varying confounders.

Objectives: There is evidence that both low socioeconomic status (SES) and psychosocial stressors at work (PSW) increase risk of depression, but prospective studies on the contribution of PSW to the socioeconomic gradient of depression are still limited.

Methods: Using a prospective cohort of Quebec white-collar workers (n = 9188 participants, 50% women), we estimated randomized interventional analogues of the natural direct effect of SES indicators at baseline (education level, household income, occupation type and a combined measure) and of their natural indirect effects mediated through PSW (job strain and effort-reward imbalance (ERI) measured at the follow-up in 1999-2001) on incident physician-diagnosed depression.

Results: During 3 years of follow-up, we identified 469 new cases (women: 33.

The Influence of Age, Sex, and Socioeconomic Status on Glycemic Control Among People With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Canada: Patient-Led Longitudinal Retrospective Cross-sectional Study With Multiple Time Points of Measurement.

Background: Clinical guidelines for most adults with diabetes recommend maintaining hemoglobin A (HbA) levels ≤7% (≤53 mmol/mol) to avoid microvascular and macrovascular complications. People with diabetes of different ages, sexes, and socioeconomic statuses may differ in their ease of attaining this goal.

Objective: As a team of people with diabetes, researchers, and health professionals, we aimed to explore patterns in HbA results among people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes in Canada.

A Personalized Avatar-Based Web Application to Help People Understand How Social Distancing Can Reduce the Spread of COVID-19: Cross-sectional, Observational, Pre-Post Study.

Background: To reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the associated spread of COVID-19, many jurisdictions around the world imposed mandatory or recommended social or physical distancing. As a result, at the beginning of the pandemic, various communication materials appeared online to promote distancing. Explanations of the science underlying these mandates or recommendations were either highly technical or highly simplified.

Prediction models of diabetes complications: a scoping review.

Background: Diabetes often places a large burden on people with diabetes (hereafter 'patients') and the society, that is, in part attributable to its complications. However, evidence from models predicting diabetes complications in patients remains unclear. With the collaboration of patient partners, we aimed to describe existing prediction models of physical and mental health complications of diabetes.

Clarifying Values: An Updated and Expanded Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Patient decision aids should help people make evidence-informed decisions aligned with their values. There is limited guidance about how to achieve such alignment.

Purpose: To describe the range of values clarification methods available to patient decision aid developers, synthesize evidence regarding their relative merits, and foster collection of evidence by offering researchers a proposed set of outcomes to report when evaluating the effects of values clarification methods.

Psychosocial stressors at work and inflammatory biomarkers: PROspective Quebec Study on Work and Health.

Background: Chronic low-grade inflammation has been associated with high risk of several chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, depression, and dementia. As low-grade inflammation could be present long before the apparition of the disease, identifying modifiable risk factors could allow to act upstream. Psychosocial stressors at work have been suggested as modifiable risk factors of low-grade inflammation, but few longitudinal studies have evaluated the association between these stressors and inflammatory biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).

Cumulative exposure to psychosocial stressors at work and global cognitive function: the PROspective Quebec Study on Work and Health.

Objectives: Psychosocial stressors at work have been proposed as modifiable risk factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cumulative exposure to psychosocial stressors at work on cognitive function.

Methods: This study was conducted among 9188 white-collar workers recruited in 1991-1993 (T1), with follow-ups 8 (T2) and 24 years later (T3).

Health effects of climate change: an overview of systematic reviews.

Objectives: We aimed to develop a systematic synthesis of systematic reviews of health impacts of climate change, by synthesising studies' characteristics, climate impacts, health outcomes and key findings.

Design: We conducted an overview of systematic reviews of health impacts of climate change. We registered our review in PROSPERO (CRD42019145972).

Observer Ratings of Shared Decision Making Do Not Match Patient Reports: An Observational Study in 5 Family Medicine Practices.

Background: Measuring shared decision making (SDM) in clinical practice is important to improve the quality of health care. Measurement can be done by trained observers and by people participating in the clinical encounter, namely, patients. This study aimed to describe the correlations between patients' and observers' ratings of SDM using 2 validated and 2 nonvalidated SDM measures in clinical consultations.

Validity of participants' self-reported diagnosis for a work absence due to a mental health problem compared with physician-certified diagnosis for the same work absence among 709 Canadian workers.

Objectives: This study assesses the validity of a self-reported mental health problem (MHP) diagnosis as the reason for a work absence of 5 days or more compared with a physician-certified MHP diagnosis related to the same work absence. The potential modifying effect of absence duration on validity is also examined.

Methods: A total of 709 participants (1031 sickness absence episodes) were selected and interviewed.

Predictive models of diabetes complications: protocol for a scoping review.

Background: Diabetes is a highly prevalent chronic disease that places a large burden on individuals and health care systems. Models predicting the risk (also called predictive models) of other conditions often compare people with and without diabetes, which is of little to no relevance for people already living with diabetes (called patients). This review aims to identify and synthesize findings from existing predictive models of physical and mental health diabetes-related conditions.

Differences between women and men in the relationship between psychosocial stressors at work and work absence due to mental health problem.

Objectives: Women have a higher incidence of mental health problems compared with men. Psychosocial stressors at work are associated with mental health problems. However, few prospective studies have examined the association between these stressors and objectively measured outcomes of mental health.

Patients' perspectives on how to improve diabetes care and self-management: qualitative study.

Objective: People living with diabetes need and deserve high-quality, individualised care. However, providing such care remains a challenge in many countries, including Canada. Patients' expertise, if acknowledged and adequately translated, could help foster patient-centred care.

Psychosocial Stressors at Work and the Risk of Sickness Absence Due to a Diagnosed Mental Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: Mental health problems are associated with considerable occupational, medical, social, and economic burdens. Psychosocial stressors at work have been associated with a higher risk of mental disorders, but the risk of sickness absence due to a diagnosed mental disorder, indicating a more severe condition, has never been investigated in a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To synthesize the evidence of the association of psychosocial stressors at work with sickness absence due to a diagnosed mental disorder among adult workers.

Health professionals and patients' perspectives on person-centred maternal and child healthcare in Burkina Faso.

Context: The person-centred approach (PCA) is a promising avenue for care improvement. However, health professionals in Burkina Faso (hereafter referred to as caregivers) seem unprepared for taking into consideration patients' preferences and values in the context of healthcare provision.

Objective: To understand the meaning attributed to PCA in the Burkina Faso context of care and to identify the challenges related to its adoption from the perspective of caregivers and women service users (hereafter referred to as patients).

Effect of psychosocial work factors on the risk of depression: a protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.

Introduction: Depression is a common and disabling health problem that contributes to an important social and economic burden, particularly among the working age population. The deleterious effect of psychosocial work factors on depression has been documented. However, the most recent systematic reviews had restrictive eligibility criteria and, since their publications, several original studies have been published.

Lifetime marijuana use in relation to insulin resistance in lean, overweight, and obese US adults.

Background: Obese individuals are more likely to show insulin resistance (IR). However, limited population studies on marijuana use with markers of IR have yielded mixed results. The aim of this study was to examine the association of marijuana use with IR in US adults with different body mass index (BMI) status.

Racial difference in preterm birth and low birthweight: Towards a new hypothesis involving the interaction of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with maternal fat mass.

Preterm birth (PB) and low birthweight (LBW) remain a leading cause of infant mortality worldwide. Persistent racial disparities in prevalence rates have been reported, with the highest values observed in Subsaharan Africa and South Asia. In United States, non-Hispanic Black women are more likely to have a premature or low-birth-weight baby.

Effect of psychosocial work factors on the risk of certified absences from work for a diagnosed mental health problem: a protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.

Introduction: Mental health problems (MHPs) are frequent and disabling and are the first or second leading cause of certified sickness absences from work in industrialised countries. They are generally long lasting and generate a considerable human and socioeconomic burden. The deleterious effect of adverse psychosocial work factors on MHP has been documented.