Real-life retrospective observational study to determine the prevalence and economic burden of severe asthma in Spain.

We determined the percentage of patients with severe asthma and exacerbations and evaluated the costs of the disease based on blood eosinophil counts. A retrospective observational study based on the review of medical records in Spain was carried out. Patients ≥18 years of age requiring care during the years 2014-2015; diagnosed with asthma with at least 2 years of continuous records (at least one year prior to the index date defined as the first asthma medication prescription and at least one year after the index date) were included.

Severe Atopic Dermatitis In Spain: A Real-Life Observational Study.

Objective: To determine the epidemiology and characterize the treatment prescribed for severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in children/adults in usual clinical practice.

Methods: Observational, retrospective study made through review of medical records of Spanish patients aged ≥6 years. Patients diagnosed with severe AD who required care between 2013 and 2017 were included.

Economic impact of delaying initiation with multiple-inhaler maintenance triple therapy in Spanish patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Purpose: Guidelines recommend the use of triple therapy with an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), a long-acting β agonist (LABA) and a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) to reduce the risk of future exacerbations in symptomatic COPD patients with a history of exacerbations. This study aimed to estimate COPD-related healthcare resource use and costs, and subsequent exacerbation rates, for patients initiating multiple-inhaler triple therapy (MITT) early (≤30 days) versus late (31-180 days) following an exacerbation, in a real-world clinical setting.

Patients And Methods: This was an observational, longitudinal, retrospective study using electronic medical records from the Spanish database of the Red de Investigación en Servicios Sanitarios Foundation.

Prevalence of the potential drug-drug interactions between pangenotypic direct-acting antivirals and the concomitant medications associated with patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection in Spain.

Objective: To determine the comorbidity and potential for drug-drug interactions (DDIs) among pangenotypic direct-acting-antivirals (pDAAs) and the concomitant medications associated with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients in routine clinical practice in Spain.

Methods: Retrospective observational study. Included patients were ≥18 years, diagnosed with CHC, on antiviral treatment and required medical attention during 2017.

Consequences on economic outcomes of generic versus brand-name drugs used in routine clinical practice: the case of treating peripheral neuropathic pain or generalized anxiety disorder with pregabalin.

Background: Discrepancies are seen between arguments in favor of and against prescribing generic versus brand-name drugs.

Objective: To provide real-world evidence on treatment persistence, economic and clinical outcomes of pregabalin, generic versus brand-name (Lyrica®, Pfizer), routinely used to treat neuropathic pain (NP) or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

Methods: Electronic medical records from subjects' first starting treatment with pregabalin between January-2015 and June-2016 were analyzed.

Cost of treating peripheral neuropathic pain with pregabalin or gabapentin at therapeutic doses in routine practice.

Aim: To analyze the cost of peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP) treatment with pregabalin or gabapentin at therapeutic doses in routine clinical practice.

Methods: Analysis of a retrospective, observational study of electronic medical records of patients treated for PNP with therapeutic doses of pregabalin or gabapentin, with 2 years' follow-up, considering PNP type, comorbidities, concomitant analgesia and resource use.

Results: The weighted total average cost/patient was lower for pregabalin than gabapentin (€2464 [2197-2730] vs €3142 [2670-3614]; p = 0.

Comorbidity, concomitant medication, use of resources and healthcare costs associated with chronic hepatitis C virus carriers in Spain.

Objectives: To assess the comorbidity, concomitant medications, healthcare resource use and healthcare costs of chronic hepatitis C virus patients in the Spanish population.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective, observational, non-interventional study. Patients included were≥18 years of age who accessed medical care between 2010-2013.

Impact on healthcare resource utilization of multiple sclerosis in Spain.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease with a high socioeconomic impact. The aim of this study was to assess healthcare resources utilization and costs in a sample of patients with MS.

Methods: A retrospective, cohort study was conducted using electronic medical records from 19 primary care centres in Asturias and Catalonia, Spain.

Comorbidity and metabolic syndrome in patients with multiple sclerosis from Asturias and Catalonia, Spain.

Background: The impact of comorbidity on multiple sclerosis (MS) is a new area of interest. Limited data on the risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is currently available. The aim of this study was to estimate the presence of comorbid conditions and MetS in a sample of adult patients with MS.

Use of healthcare resources and costs associated to the start of treatment with injectable drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: The main objective was to assess resource use and costs of starting treatment with insulin or injectable GLP-1 receptor analogues (GLP-1 RAs) in a Spanish population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Treatment adherence and persistence were also determined for both treatment groups.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective, non-interventional, observational study was conducted.

Cost of treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain with pregabalin or gabapentin in routine clinical practice: impact of their loss of exclusivity.

To analyze the effect of loss of exclusivity of data on the cost of treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP) with pregabalin or gabapentin in routine clinical practice. A retrospective observational study, with electronic medical records for patients enrolled at primary care centers managed by the health care provider Badalona Serveis Assistencials, who initiated treatment of PNP with pregabalin or gabapentin. The analysis used drugs and resources prices for year 2015.

[Clinical characteristics and treatment response in adult patients with non-Hodgkin's chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)].

Objective: To determine comorbidities, clinical characteristics, and treatment response in adult patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and follicular lymphoma (FL).

Methods: The design was observational from reviewing the medical records of patients seen in outpatient and inpatient settings. It included ≥50 subjects who demanded attention during the period 2008-2012 and that met specific inclusion/exclusion criteria.

Use of antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder in primary care during a period of economic crisis.

Objective: To describe antidepressant (AD) use in the treatment of major depressive disorder during a period of economic crisis.

Patients And Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study using population-based databases. Two periods were considered: 1) 2008-2009, precrisis, and 2) 2012-2013, economic crisis.

Impact of Loss of Work Productivity in Patients with Overactive Bladder Treated with Antimuscarinics in Spain: Study in Routine Clinical Practice Conditions.

Background: Overactive bladder (OAB) is a syndrome characterized by presenting symptoms of urgency, with or without urge incontinence, and normally accompanied by day and night frequency.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of lost work productivity [number of days of sick leave] in patients treated with fesoterodine versus tolterodine and solifenacin to treat OAB in Spain.

Methods: A retrospective, observational study was carried out using the records (digital databases) of actively working patients (2008-2013).

Comparative effectiveness and costs of generic and brand-name gabapentin and venlafaxine in patients with neuropathic pain or generalized anxiety disorder in Spain.

Objective: To explore adherence/persistence with generic gabapentin/venlafaxine versus brand-name gabapentin/venlafaxine (Neurontin(®)/Vandral(®)) in peripheral neuropathic pain (pNP) or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), respectively, and whether it is translated into different costs and patient outcomes in routine medical practice.

Methods: A retrospective, new-user cohort study was designed. Electronic medical records (EMR) of patients included in the health plan of Badalona Serveis Assistencials SA, Barcelona, Spain were exhaustively extracted for analysis.

Economic impact of combining metformin with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in diabetic patients with renal impairment in spanish patients.

Background: To evaluate resource use and health costs due to the combination of metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in patients with diabetes and renal impairment in routine clinical practice.

Methods: An observational, retrospective study was performed. Patients aged ≥30 years treated with metformin who initiated a second oral antidiabetic treatment in 2009 to 2010 were included.

[Combination therapy of metformin vs dipeptidulpeptidase inhibitors and sulfonylureas in type 2 diabetes: clinical and economic impact].

Objectives: Determine the clinical repurcussions of adherence, metabolic control, hypoglycemia and cardiovascular events (CVE) and economics (resources and costs) in the combination therapy of metformin vs DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitors and sulfonylureas in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods. Observational-multicenter and retrospective design.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to the presence of negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the primary reasons for increased mortality in patients with schizophrenia. The mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis are not well understood.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of MetS in adult outpatients with schizophrenia according to the presence or absence of negative symptoms.

Economic impact of heart failure according to the effects of kidney failure.

Introduction And Objectives: To evaluate the use of health care resources and their cost according to the effects of kidney failure in heart failure patients during 2-year follow-up in a population setting.

Methods: Observational retrospective study based on a review of medical records. The study included patients ≥ 45 years treated for heart failure from 2008 to 2010.

Influence of the CYP2D6 isoenzyme in patients treated with venlafaxine for major depressive disorder: clinical and economic consequences.

Background: Antidepressant drugs are the mainstay of drug therapy for sustained remission of symptoms. However, the clinical results are not encouraging. This lack of response could be due, among other causes, to factors that alter the metabolism of the antidepressant drug.

Impact of negative symptoms on healthcare resource utilization and associated costs in adult outpatients with schizophrenia: a population-based study.

Background: To evaluate the prevalence and impact of negative symptoms on healthcare resources utilization and costs in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using electronic medical records from the health provider BSA (Badalona, Spain). All adult outpatients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were followed for 12 months.

Healthcare costs of the combination of metformin/dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors compared with metformin/other oral antidiabetes agents in patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

Objectives: This study assessed the health costs resulting from the combination of metformin/dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors compared with metformin/oral antidiabetes drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome (MS).

Patients And Methods: An observational retrospective study was performed. Patients ≥30 years of age who were receiving treatment with metformin who started a second oral antidiabetes therapy in 2008 and 2009 were included.

Use of metformin and vildagliptin for treatment of type 2 diabetes in the elderly.

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical (treatment adherence, metabolic control, hypoglycemia, and macrovascular complications) and economic (resource use and costs) consequences of using a combination of metformin + vildagliptin to treat type 2 diabetes in elderly patients seen in daily clinical practice.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, retrospective, observational study that included patients aged ≥65 years treated with metformin who started a second oral antidiabetic therapy during the years 2008-2009. There were two groups of patients: a study group receiving metformin + vildagliptin and a reference group receiving metformin + other oral antidiabetics (sulfonylureas or glitazones).