Role of overnight oximetry in assessing the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea in typically developing children: a multicentre study.

Background And Objective: Cardiorespiratory polygraphy (CRP) is the predominant technology used to diagnose obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in tertiary centres in the UK. Nocturnal pulse oximetry (NPO) is, however, cheaper and more accessible. This study evaluated the ability of NPO indices to predict OSA in typically developing (TD) children.

Collagen peptide supplementation before bedtime reduces sleep fragmentation and improves cognitive function in physically active males with sleep complaints.

Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to examine whether a glycine-rich collagen peptides (CP) supplement could enhance sleep quality in physically active men with self-reported sleep complaints.

Methods: In a randomized, crossover design, 13 athletic males (age: 24 ± 4 years; training volume; 7 ± 3 h·wk) with sleep complaints (Athens Insomnia Scale, 9 ± 2) consumed CP (15 g·day) or a placebo control (CON) 1 h before bedtime for 7 nights. Sleep quality was measured with subjective sleep diaries and actigraphy for 7 nights; polysomnographic sleep and core temperature were recorded on night 7.

Paediatric narcolepsy: a review of diagnosis and management.

Narcolepsy is a chronic disabling neurological sleep disorder that requires lifelong treatment. We have outlined the clinical features of narcolepsy, the assessment and diagnosis process and have summarised the existing treatment options for children and adolescents with narcolepsy. In the future, the approach to management of paediatric narcolepsy should ideally be in a multidisciplinary setting, involving specialists in sleep medicine, sleep physiology, neurologists and psychologists/psychiatrists.

Psychometric Properties and Predictive Value of a Screening Questionnaire for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Young Children With Down Syndrome.

Study Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in children with Down syndrome (DS) and is associated with adverse health and cognitive outcomes. Daytime clinical assessment is poorly predictive of OSA, so regular screening with sleep studies is recommended. However, sleep studies are costly and not available to all children worldwide.

Evaluating a nurse-led sleep support intervention to reduce melatonin prescribing in children and young people.

Background: Sleep disturbance, often arising from the way parents manage their child's sleep, affects 40% of children and leads to increased demand on clinical services. Children and young people with significant sleep issues can be treated effectively with a supportive approach but are often prescribed the hormone melatonin because of a lack of available support services.

Aim: To understand the effect and clinical implications of a nurse-led sleep support clinic on melatonin prescribing in children and young people.

Pilot study of an integrated model of sleep support for children: a before and after evaluation.

Objective: Despite the success of behavioural sleep support interventions in the third sector, sleep support is not universally available for families in the UK. The aim of the study was to provide evidence of efficacy and to propose a delivery model for integrated sleep support for families of vulnerable children.

Design And Setting: A sleep support intervention was carried out in Sheffield Local Authority evaluated using a preintervention and postintervention study design by Sheffield Children's National Health Service (NHS) Trust.

Sleep in infants and toddlers with Down syndrome compared to typically developing peers: looking beyond snoring.

Aims: To compare sleep in infants and toddlers with Down syndrome (DS) to typically developing controls, including differences in snoring and sleep ecology (sleep setting and parent behaviors).

Methods: Parents of 104 children with DS and 489 controls aged 6-36 months completed the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ). We explored group differences, controlling for demographic variables.

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Contributes to Executive Function Impairment in Young Children with Down Syndrome.

Objective/background: Children with Down syndrome (DS) commonly experience difficulties with executive function (EF). They are also vulnerable to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). OSA is associated with EF deficits in typically developing children.

Exploratory Study to Evaluate Respiratory Rate Using a Thermal Imaging Camera.

Background: Respiratory rate is a vital physiological measurement used in the immediate assessment of unwell children and adults. Convenient electronic devices exist for the measurement of pulse, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and temperature. Although devices which measure respiratory rate exist, none have entered everyday clinical practice for acute assessment of children and adults.

Cardiorespiratory sleep studies at home: experience in research and clinical cohorts.

Objective: To evaluate the success rates of home cardiorespiratory polygraphy in children under investigation for sleep-disordered breathing and parent perspectives on equipment use at home.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: Sheffield, Evelina London and Southampton Children's Hospitals.

Home oximetry to screen for obstructive sleep apnoea in Down syndrome.

Objective: Children with Down syndrome are at high risk of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and screening is recommended. Diagnosis of OSA should be confirmed with multichannel sleep studies. We aimed to determine whether home pulse oximetry (HPO) discriminates children at high risk of OSA, who need further diagnostic multichannel sleep studies.

Poor inter-observer agreement in the measurement of respiratory rate in children: a prospective observational study.

Objective: To determine the inter-observer agreement of a respiratory rate (RR) count on a child when assessed by three independent observers.

Design: The RR of 169 children (age range: 3 days to 15 years) was measured by three independent observers over a 3-month period. The first RR was taken by different healthcare professionals (HCPs) from within the hospital using their own preferred method of measurement.

Prevalence and predictors of obstructive sleep apnoea in young children with Down syndrome.

Background: Children with Down syndrome (DS) are vulnerable to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) because of their unique craniofacial anatomy and hypotonia. Understanding the predictors of OSA in DS may enable targeted screening.

Methods: Children with DS (n = 202) aged from six months to below six years (110 boys) were recruited from three UK children's hospitals.

Awake and asleep oxygen saturations in infants with chronic neonatal lung disease.

Aim: There is uncertainty about the best method of withdrawing supplemental oxygen in babies with chronic neonatal lung disease (CNLD). Some authors advocate withdrawal of oxygen in the day, but continuing supplementation during sleep, based on early work suggesting that oxygen saturations are lower during sleep, which did not accord with our clinical impression. We re-examined the hypothesis that babies have lower saturations while asleep.

Sleep physiology and sleep-disordered breathing: the essentials.

Sleep is essential, but poses a risk to breathing in some children. We have outlined the developmental changes in sleep patterns and physiology, and the evidence of deleterious effects of sleep deprivation and of sleep-related breathing disorder (SRBD). Some factors increase the risk of adenotonsillar surgery and should be excluded before contemplating surgery in a secondary care setting.

Efficacy of the 'tennis ball technique' versus nCPAP in the management of position-dependent obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.

Background And Objective: Avoidance of sleep in the supine position is recommended in the management of position-dependent OSA hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS). Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of a thoracic anti-supine band (TASB), designed to mimic the so-called 'tennis ball technique', compared with nasal CPAP (nCPAP).

Methods: Twenty adults with mild to moderately severe position-dependent OSAHS (mean AHI +/- SD) 22.

Elevated posture for the management of obstructive sleep apnea.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of elevated posture in the management of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Fourteen subjects presenting with mild-moderate OSA, (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] 10 to 60/h), were included in a randomized crossover investigation. A shoulder-head elevation pillow (SHEP) was compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) therapy.

The role of sleep-disordered breathing, daytime sleepiness, and impaired performance in motor vehicle crashes-a case control study.

Study Objective: To examine levels of sleep-disordered breathing, daytime sleepiness, and impaired performance in 60 motor vehicle crash drivers and 60 controls matched for age, gender, and body mass index.

Measurements And Results: All participants underwent polysomnography and daytime function assessments. Cases reported significantly higher levels of driver sleepiness (% sleepiness: mean +/- SD; cases: 26 +/- 17%; controls: 16 +/- 12%; p = 0.

Lack of efficacy for a cervicomandibular support collar in the management of obstructive sleep apnea.

Study Objectives: The effect of therapy using a cervicomandibular support collar (CMSC) to manage obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was compared with standard therapy, nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP).

Design: Subjects received treatment with CMSC or nCPAP each for 1 month in random order. The study was analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis.