Morbidities and comorbidities associated with optic nerve hypoplasia and septo-optic-pituitary dysplasia.

Aim: To quantify optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) and septo-optic-pituitary dysplasia (SOD) morbidities and comorbidities.

Method: A retrospective population-based study with a case-control design was undertaken using administrative health data from Manitoba, Canada. Cases were 124 patients with ONH or SOD (70 males, 54 females; age range 6 months-36 years 8 months [mean 13 years, SD 7 years 2 months]) diagnosed from 1990 to 2019, matched to 620 unrelated population-based controls (350 males, 270 females; age range 0-36 years 8 months [mean 12 years 5 months, SD 7 years 2 months]) on birth year, sex, and area of residence.

Parental separation following preterm delivery in Canada: a population-based cohort study.

Objective: To examine the association between preterm delivery and parental separation and identify associated risk factors.

Methods: All opposite sex, married or common-law parents whose relationship status was available at index delivery and for the next 5 years were eligible in this retrospective population-based cohort study in Manitoba, Canada. Parents of children born preterm were matched 1:5 to parents of children born full-term.

Validation of preterm birth related perinatal and neonatal data in the Canadian discharge abstract database to facilitate long-term outcomes research of individuals born preterm.

Introduction: The Canadian Institute of Health Information's (CIHI) Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) contains standardised administrative data on all hospitalisations in Canada, excluding Quebec.

Objectives: We aimed to validate preterm birth related perinatal and neonatal data in DAD by assessing its accuracy against the reference standard of the Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN) database.

Methods: We linked birth hospitalization data between the DAD and CNN databases for all neonates born <33 weeks gestational age (GA) admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Winnipeg, Canada, between 2010 and 2022.

Increased Prevalence of Bell's Palsy in First Nations Populations with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Manitoba.

Bell's palsy is acute facial palsy due to inflammation involving the facial nerve related to infections. Rates have not been noted to differ by ethnicity. We studied the lifetime prevalence in First Nations and all other Manitobans in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 7 and older in 2013-2014 and 2016-2017.

Maternal behaviors influence survival of ungulate neonates under heavy predation risk.

Predators impose top-down forces on prey populations, with the strength of those effects often varying over space and time and among demographic groups. In ungulates, predation risk is typically greatest for neonatal offspring, with some suggesting that predators can key in on adult activity to locate hidden neonates. However, few field studies to date have been able to directly assess the influence of maternal care on ungulate neonate survival.

Resource pulses shape seasonal and individual variation in the diet of an omnivorous carnivore.

Resource pulses are ecologically important phenomenon that occur in most ecosystems globally. Following optimal foraging theory, many consumers switch to pulsatile foods when available, examples of which include fruit mast and vulnerable young prey. Yet how the availability of resource pulses shapes the ecology of predators is still an emerging area of research; and how much individual variation there is in response to pulses is not well understood.

Gastroschisis and septo-optic-pituitary dysplasia: Is there an association?

Aim: There are several case reports describing patients with both optic nerve hypoplasia/septo-optic-pituitary dysplasia (ONH/SOD) and gastroschisis (GS). Our aim was to investigate whether ONH/SOD is associated with GS.

Methods: A retrospective population-based study was undertaken using the Population Research Data Repository at the Manitoba Center for Health Policy in Manitoba, Canada to investigate if any patient with ONH/SOD also had GS.

Visual Acuity Outcomes in Children With Optic Nerve Hypoplasia and Septo-Optic-Pituitary Dysplasia.

Background: To investigate best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) outcomes in patients with optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH)/septo-optic-pituitary dysplasia (SOD). Our primary hypothesis was that BCVA in patients with ONH/SOD does not change significantly over time.

Methods: A chart review was undertaken in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of ONH/SOD.

Grade 7 school performance of children born preterm: a retrospective Canadian Cohort study.

Importance: Data on the middle school outcomes of preterm children are limited and have methodologic issues.

Objective: To study the association between preterm birth and grade 7 school performance.

Methods: A retrospective population-based cohort study of children born in Manitoba, Canada between 1994 and 2006 using their grade 7 school performance data.

Incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Manitoba children 2009-10 to 2017-18: First Nation versus all other Manitobans.

Aim: To describe the incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in children in Manitoba over a ten-year period.

Methods: Population-based, provincial databases were linked to calculate the incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in children < 18 years of age in Manitoba from 2009-10 to 2017-18. First Nation and all other Manitoban children are described separately.

Assessing springtime vertebrate prey of sympatric mesopredators in the southeastern United States using metabarcoding analysis.

Coyotes (Canis latrans) colonized the eastern United States over the last century and formed a 3-species predator guild with bobcats (Lynx rufus) and gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) across much of the southeastern United States. Diets among the three species vary along with respective impacts on game species such as white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). To determine predation impacts on vertebrate prey and dietary overlap in consumption of prey items, we assessed diets of coyote, bobcat, and gray fox during spring, coinciding with white-tailed deer fawning and wild turkey nesting and brood rearing.

Stakeholder-driven development and implementation of CRICIT: an app to support high-quality data capture and protocol monitoring for outpatient clinical trials with vulnerable populations.

Introduction: Choosing an appropriate electronic data capture system (EDC) is a critical decision for all randomized controlled trials (RCT). In this paper, we document our process for developing and implementing an EDC for a multisite RCT evaluating the efficacy and implementation of an enhanced primary care model for individuals with opioid use disorder who are returning to the community from incarceration.

Methods: Informed by the Knowledge-to-Action conceptual framework and user-centered design principles, we used Claris Filemaker software to design and implement CRICIT, a novel EDC that could meet the varied needs of the many stakeholders involved in our study.

Risk factors in children with optic nerve hypoplasia and septo-optic dysplasia.

Aim: To identify the risk factors for optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) and septo-optic dysplasia (SOD).

Method: A retrospective, population-based study with case-control design was undertaken using the Population Research Data Repository at the Manitoba Center for Health Policy in Manitoba, Canada. Cases were 111 patients (63 males, 48 females; age range 1-35 years [mean 11 years 6 months, SD 7 years 2 months]) with ONH and SOD diagnosed from 1990 to 2019, matched to 555 unrelated population-based controls (315 males, 240 females; age range 1-35 years [mean 11 years 6 months, SD 7 years 2 months]) on year of birth, sex, and area of residence.

An International Investigation of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (iMIH) and Its Association with Dental Anomalies: Development of a Protocol.

Background: Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a common disorder of tooth development, which has recently been found to be associated with a higher prevalence of hypodontia. The aim of this international multicentre study is to determine the association between MIH and other developmental anomalies in different populations.

Methods: Investigators were trained and calibrated for the assessment of MIH and dental anomalies and ethical approvals obtained in each participating country.

A Randomized Trial of Quadruple-Fortified Salt for Anemia and Birth Defects Prevention in Southern India: Protocol Design and Methods.

Background: Women of reproductive age are at an increased risk of anemia and micronutrient deficiencies. Evidence supports the role of periconceptional nutrition in the development of neural tube defects (NTDs) and other pregnancy complications. Vitamin B deficiency is a risk factor for NTDs and may modify folate biomarkers that predict NTD risk at the population level.

Antiseizure medication use during pregnancy and neonatal growth outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: We aimed to systematically synthesize the current published literature on neonatal growth outcomes associated with antiseizure medication (ASM) use during pregnancy.

Methods: We searched seven databases, from inception to 23 March 2022. We investigated small for gestational age (SGA) and low birth weight (LBW) as primary outcomes and birth weight, birth height, cephalization index and head circumference as secondary outcomes.

Changes in Prevalence and Incidence at the Population Level of Type 2 Diabetes in First Nations and All Other Adults in Manitoba.

Objectives: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing and Indigenous populations are at highest risk. Canadian data are crucial for health planning.

Methods: Population-based, de-identified, linked databases were used to calculate the incidence and prevalence of T2D for registered adult First Nations Manitobans and all other adult Manitobans from 2011-2012 to 2016-2017.

The burden of sleep disordered breathing in infants with Down syndrome referred to tertiary sleep center.

Introduction: Children with Down Syndrome (DS) are at high risk of sleep disordered breathing (SDB). We aimed to examine the burden of SDB in infants with DS referred to tertiary sleep center.

Methods: Infants (≤12 months old) with DS who underwent consecutive polysomnography (PSG) at a single academic sleep center over a 6-year period were included.

Selected Ophthalmological Features in Children with Septo-Optic Dysplasia and Optic Nerve Hypoplasia.

Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) and optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) cause congenital visual impairment. Their aetiology is mostly unknown. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of selected ophthalmological features in patients with these disorders.

Grade 3 school performance among children born preterm: a population-based cohort study.

Objective: To study the association between prematurity and grade 3 school performance in a contemporary cohort of children.

Methods: Population-based retrospective cohort study in Manitoba, Canada. Children born between 1999 and 2011 who had their grade 3 school performance data available were eligible.

Mental Disorders Among Mothers of Children Born Preterm: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Canada.

Background: Our aim was to examine the association between preterm delivery and incident maternal mental disorders using a population-based cohort of mothers in Canada.

Methods: Retrospective matched cohort study using Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (MCHP) administrative data in Manitoba. Mothers who delivered preterm babies (<37 weeks gestational age) between 1998 and 2013 were matched 1:5 to mothers of term babies using socio-demographic variables.

School Readiness Among Children Born Preterm in Manitoba, Canada.

Importance: Children born preterm may experience learning challenges at school. However, there is a paucity of data on the school readiness of these children as they prepare to begin grade 1.

Objective: To examine the association between prematurity and school readiness in a population-based cohort of children.