Generating synthetic identifiers to support development and evaluation of data linkage methods.

Introduction: Careful development and evaluation of data linkage methods is limited by researcher access to personal identifiers. One solution is to generate synthetic identifiers, which do not pose equivalent privacy concerns, but can form a 'gold-standard' linkage algorithm training dataset. Such data could help inform choices about appropriate linkage strategies in different settings.

Emergency hospital admissions for stress-related presentations among secondary school-aged minoritised young people in England.

Background: Minoritised young people face a double burden of discrimination through increased risk of stress and differential treatment access. However, acute care pathways for minoritised young people with urgent mental health needs are poorly understood.

Aims: To explore variation in stress-related presentations (SRPs) to acute hospitals across racial-ethnic groups in England.

Cumulative incidence of chronic health conditions recorded in hospital inpatient admissions from birth to age 16 in England.

Background: Monitoring the incidence of chronic health conditions (CHCs) in childhood in England, using administrative data to derive numerators and denominators, is challenged by unmeasured migration. We used open and closed birth cohort designs to estimate the cumulative incidence of CHCs to age 16 years.

Methods: In closed cohorts, we identified all births in Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) from 2002/3 to 2011/12, followed to 2018/19 (maximum age 8 to 16 years), censoring on death, first non-England residence record or 16th birthday.

Estimating disease burden using national linked electronic health records: a study using an English population-based cohort.

Background: Electronic health records (EHRs) have the potential to be used to produce detailed disease burden estimates. In this study we created disease estimates using national EHR for three high burden conditions, compared estimates between linked and unlinked datasets and produced stratified estimates by age, sex, ethnicity, socio-economic deprivation and geographical region.

Methods: EHRs containing primary care (Clinical Practice Research Datalink), secondary care (Hospital Episode Statistics) and mortality records (Office for National Statistics) were used.

Perinatal healthcare for women at risk of children's social care involvement: a qualitative survey of professionals in England.

Background: Women with complex health needs are more at risk of having children's social care involvement with their newborns than other mothers. Around the time of pregnancy, there are opportunities for health services to support women with these needs and mitigate the risk of mother-baby separation. Yet little is known about healthcare professionals' experiences of providing this support.

Recording and analysing ethnicity in public health research: a bibliographical review and focus group discussions with young migrants and refugees in the UK.

Background: The ethnicity data gap hinders public health research from addressing ethnic health inequity in the UK, especially for under-served young, migrant populations. We aimed to review how ethnicity was captured, reported, analysed, and theorised within policy-relevant research.

Methods: For this bibliographical review, we reviewed a selection of the 1% most highly cited population health papers reporting UK ethnicity data in MEDLINE and Web of Science databases between Jan 1, 1946, and July 31, 2022, and extracted how ethnicity was recorded and analysed.

How is ethnicity reported, described, and analysed in health research in the UK? A bibliographical review and focus group discussions with young refugees.

Background: The ethnicity data gap pertains to 3 major challenges to address ethnic health inequality: 1) Under-representation of ethnic minorities in research; 2) Poor data quality on ethnicity; 3) Ethnicity data not being meaningfully analysed. These challenges are especially relevant for research involving under-served migrant populations in the UK. We aimed to review how ethnicity is captured, reported, analysed and theorised within policy-relevant research on ethnic health inequities.

'On paper, you're normal': narratives of unseen health needs among women who have had children removed from their care.

Background: Mothers who have children removed from their care often have complex needs. These women have poor health outcomes and are dying earlier than their peers from preventable and amenable causes. Yet there is little known about how health care services might mitigate these risks.

Umbrella systematic review finds limited evidence that school absence explains the association between chronic health conditions and lower academic attainment.

Introduction: Absence from school is more frequent for children with chronic health conditions (CHCs) than their peers and may be one reason why average academic attainment scores are lower among children with CHCs.

Methods: We determined whether school absence explains the association between CHCs and academic attainment through a systematic review of systematic reviews of comparative studies involving children with or without CHCs and academic attainment. We extracted results from any studies that tested whether school absence mediated the association between CHCs and academic attainment.

Number and timing of primary cleft lip and palate repair surgeries in England: whole nation study of electronic health records before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: To quantify differences in number and timing of first primary cleft lip and palate (CLP) repair procedures during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (1 April 2020 to 31 March 2021; 2020/2021) compared with the preceding year (1 April 2019 to 31 March 2020; 2019/2021).

Design: National observational study of administrative hospital data.

Setting: National Health Service hospitals in England.

Parental health in the context of public family care proceedings: A scoping review of evidence and interventions.

Background: Child protective services (CPS), or their equivalent, have statutory power to remove children from birth parents in instances of child abuse, neglect, or concerns around parenting capacity via public family care proceedings. Parents who have children subject to proceedings, 'birth parents', often have complex health and social care needs.

Objective: We aimed to review what is known about the health needs of birth parents and the interventions implemented to support these health needs.

Trends in survival of children with severe congenital heart defects by gestational age at birth: A population-based study using administrative hospital data for England.

Background: Children with congenital heart defects (CHD) are twice as likely as their peers to be born preterm (<37 weeks' gestation), yet descriptions of recent trends in long-term survival by gestational age at birth (GA) are lacking.

Objectives: To quantify changes in survival to age 5 years of children in England with severe CHD by GA.

Methods: We estimated changes in survival to age five of children with severe CHD and all other children born in England between April 2004 and March 2016, overall and by GA-group using linked hospital and mortality records.

Does hospital variation in intrapartum-related perinatal mortality among caesarean births reflect differences in quality of care? Cross-sectional study in 21 hospitals in Burkina Faso.

Objectives: To examine hospital variation in crude and risk-adjusted rates of intrapartum-related perinatal mortality among caesarean births.

Design: Secondary analysis of data from the DECIDE (DECIsion for caesarean DElivery) cluster randomised trial postintervention phase.

Setting: 21 district and regional hospitals in Burkina Faso.

COVID-19-related school closures and patterns of hospital admissions with stress-related presentations in secondary school-aged adolescents: weekly time series.

This study examines health service indicators of stress-related presentations (relating to pain, mental illness, psychosomatic symptoms and self-harm) in adolescents of secondary school age, using Hospital Episode Statistics data for England. We examined weekly time series data for three academic years spanning the time before (2018-2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2019-2020 and 2020-2021), including the first lockdown when schools were closed to the majority of pupils. For all secondary school children, weekly stress presentations dropped following school closures.

Reductions in hospital care among clinically vulnerable children aged 0-4 years during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: To quantify reductions in hospital care for clinically vulnerable children during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design: Birth cohort.

Setting: National Health Service hospitals in England.

Gestational age at birth, chronic conditions and school outcomes: a population-based data linkage study of children born in England.

Introduction: We aimed to generate evidence about child development measured through school attainment and provision of special educational needs (SEN) across the spectrum of gestational age, including for children born early term and >41 weeks of gestation, with and without chronic health conditions.

Methods: We used a national linked dataset of hospital and education records of children born in England between 1 September 2004 and 31 August 2005. We evaluated school attainment at Key Stage 1 (KS1; age 7) and Key Stage 2 (KS2; age 11) and any SEN by age 11.

Changes in adolescents' planned hospital care during the COVID-19 pandemic: analysis of linked administrative data.

Objective: To describe changes in planned hospital care during the pandemic for vulnerable adolescents receiving children's social care (CSC) services or special educational needs (SEN) support, relative to their peers.

Design: Observational cohort in the Education and Child Health Insights from Linked Data database (linked de-identified administrative health, education and social care records of all children in England).

Study Population: All secondary school pupils in years 7-11 in academic year 2019/2020 (N=3 030 235).

What makes administrative data "research-ready"? A systematic review and thematic analysis of published literature.

Introduction: Administrative data are a valuable research resource, but are under-utilised in the UK due to governance, technical and other barriers (e.g., the time and effort taken to gain secure data access).

Hospital admissions for stress-related presentations among school-aged adolescents during term time versus holidays in England: weekly time series and retrospective cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Schools are a potential stressor for adolescents and may contribute to emergency hospital admissions.

Aims: We describe rates of stress-related presentations (SRPs) among school-aged adolescents (11-17 years) during school terms and holidays, and explore differences by age and gender.

Method: Using national administrative hospital data, we defined an SRP as an emergency hospital admission with a primary diagnosis related to pain, psychosomatic symptoms (e.

Impact of counselling provision in primary schools on child and adolescent mental health service referral rates: a longitudinal observational cohort study.

Background: In the United Kingdom, schools play an increasingly important role in supporting young peoples' mental health. While there is a growing evidence base to support the effectiveness of school-based interventions, less is known about how these provisions impact on local Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) referral rates. There is a concern that an increase in school-based provision might lead to an increase in CAMHS referrals and overwhelm services.

An informatics consult approach for generating clinical evidence for treatment decisions.

Background: An Informatics Consult has been proposed in which clinicians request novel evidence from large scale health data resources, tailored to the treatment of a specific patient. However, the availability of such consultations is lacking. We seek to provide an Informatics Consult for a situation where a treatment indication and contraindication coexist in the same patient, i.

Linking education and hospital data in England: linkage process and quality.

Introduction: Linkage of administrative data for universal state education and National Health Service (NHS) hospital care would enable research into the inter-relationships between education and health for all children in England.

Objectives: We aim to describe the linkage process and evaluate the quality of linkage of four one-year birth cohorts within the National Pupil Database (NPD) and Hospital Episode Statistics (HES).

Methods: We used multi-step deterministic linkage algorithms to link longitudinal records from state schools to the chronology of records in the NHS Personal Demographics Service (PDS; linkage stage 1), and HES (linkage stage 2).

Hospital readmission among people experiencing homelessness in England: a cohort study of 2772 matched homeless and housed inpatients.

Background: Inpatients experiencing homelessness are often discharged to unstable accommodation or the street, which may increase the risk of readmission.

Methods: We conducted a cohort study of 2772 homeless patients discharged after an emergency admission at 78 hospitals across England between November 2013 and November 2016. For each individual, we selected a housed patient who lived in a socioeconomically deprived area, matched on age, sex, hospital, and year of discharge.