Weight discrimination partially mediates the longitudinal relationship between Body Mass Index and pain.

Pain is common among individuals with high Body Mass Index (BMI). This study investigated weight discrimination as a mediator of the longitudinal relationship between BMI and the presence of moderate/severe pain among adults from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) cohort. ELSA is a longitudinal study of middle-aged and older adults living in England.

Trajectories of depressive symptoms in Korean adults with diabetes: Individual differences and associations with life satisfaction and mortality.

Objective: We examined trajectories of depressive symptoms and their predictors in adults with diabetes. We assessed whether these trajectories were related to life satisfaction and mortality.

Design: Longitudinal, prospective observational study.

The effect of heavy smoking on retirement risk: A mendelian randomisation analysis.

Background And Aims: The extent to which heavy smoking and retirement risk are causally related remains to be determined. To overcome the endogeneity of heavy smoking behaviour, we employed a novel approach by exploiting the genetic predisposition to heavy smoking, as measured with a polygenic risk score (PGS), in a Mendelian Randomisation approach.

Methods: 8164 participants (mean age 68.

The relationship between gender discrimination and wellbeing in middle-aged and older women.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that perceived gender discrimination negatively impacts mental wellbeing in young women.

Purpose: This study explored whether a similar relationship exists in middle-aged and older women.

Methods: A total of 3081 women (aged ≥52 years) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing provided data on perceived gender discrimination in 2010/11.

Social network size moderates the association between loneliness and cardiovascular reactivity to acute stress.

Loneliness and objective measures of social isolation (e.g., social network size) have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

The impact of a diabetes diagnosis on health and well-being: Findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

Background: Poorer health and well-being are associated with diabetes risk. However, little is known about the trajectory of health and well-being from before to after diabetes diagnosis. We compared depressive symptoms, quality of life, self-rated health, and loneliness at three time points (prediagnosis, diagnosis, 2-4 years post diagnosis) in individuals who developed diabetes and a comparison group.

The combined effect of socioeconomic position and C-reactive protein for predicting incident cardiometabolic disease: Findings from a 14-year follow-up study of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA).

Cardiovascular disease and diabetes are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Social inequalities in the distribution of these diseases across the population exist. The aim of the current study was to examine the additive effect of socioeconomic position and a known biological risk marker (C-reactive protein [CRP]) for future incident cardiometabolic disease.

The role of stress and health behaviour in linking weight discrimination and health: a secondary data analysis in England.

Objective: To examine the role of stress and health-risk behaviours in relationships between weight discrimination and health and well-being.

Design: Secondary data analysis of an observational cohort study.

Setting: The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

Association Between Optimism and Incident Stroke Among Stroke Survivors: Findings From the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

Background: Personality has been implicated in stroke death. However, the role of personality in stroke incidence is unclear.

Purpose: Our primary aim was to investigate associations between optimism, determination, control, and the "Big Five" personality traits on incident stroke.

An online acceptance, commitment, and self-compassion based treatment to decrease psychological distress in people with type 2 diabetes: A feasibility randomised-controlled trial.

Background And Purpose: This study explored the feasibility and acceptability of conducting a larger trial of a self-guided, online self-compassion and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) focused treatment among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) to decrease psychological distress.

Materials And Methods: This study was a two-arm, parallel, feasibility randomised controlled trial with nested qualitative methods. UK adults with T2D were randomly (1:1) allocated to a five-week online self-compassion and ACT treatment or waitlist control.

The role of loneliness on hearing ability and dementia: A novel mediation approach.

Background: To determine the potential mediating role of loneliness in the relationship between hearing ability and dementia.

Methods: Design: Longitudinal observational study.

Setting: English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA).

Dysregulated responses to stress and weight in people with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Dysregulated stress responsivity has been linked with weight gain in healthy samples. However, the relationship between disturbances in stress-related biology and changes in weight in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is unclear.

Method: A total of 66 participants with T2D underwent laboratory stress-testing in 2011-2012.

The effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy and third-wave cognitive behavioural interventions on diabetes-related distress: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: Diabetes-related distress is common in diabetes and has implications for well-being. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and third-wave CBT hold promise as treatments for diabetes-related distress, although previous findings are inconclusive. We aimed to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to understand the efficacy of these interventions in treating diabetes-related distress, while also assessing the associative benefits of these interventions on depression, anxiety and glycaemic control.

Inflammatory stress responses and future mental health outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Inflammatory dysregulation may be linked with mental health disturbances in people with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), however no previous studies have examined longitudinal associations between inflammatory stress responses and mental health outcomes in T2D.

Purpose: To better understand the biological mechanisms that might predispose people with T2D to poor mental health in the future.

Methods: At baseline, 140 participants with T2D participated in a laboratory stress testing study (mean age = 64 years).

Perceived discrimination, health, and well-being among adults with and without pain: a prospective study.

Discrimination negatively influences health and well-being in the general population, but its impact on people with pain is unclear. This study assessed discrimination, health, and well-being in people with and without pain. Data were from 5871 participants from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

Racial discrimination and health: a prospective study of ethnic minorities in the United Kingdom.

Background: Racism has been linked with poor health in studies in the United States. Little is known about prospective associations between racial discrimination and health outcomes in the United Kingdom (UK).

Methods: Data were from 4883 ethnic minority (i.

Enjoyment of life predicts reduced type 2 diabetes incidence over 12 years of follow-up: findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

Background: Subjective well-being appears to be associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, it is unknown whether this association is similar across different types of well-being. We examined the relationship between hedonic and eudaimonic well-being and incident T2D, and explored the role of sociodemographic, behavioural and clinical factors in these associations.

Diabetes-related distress and daily cortisol output in people with Type 2 diabetes.

Aims: Diabetes-related distress is common in Type 2 Diabetes and is linked with poor diabetes control. However, mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. One pathway that could be involved is neuroendocrine dysfunction, as Type 2 Diabetes is associated with altered diurnal cortisol output.

Loneliness and type 2 diabetes incidence: findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

Aims/hypothesis: Loneliness is associated with all-cause mortality and coronary heart disease. However, the prospective relationship between loneliness and type 2 diabetes onset is unclear.

Methods: We conducted a longitudinal observational population study with data on 4112 diabetes-free participants (mean age 65.

The relationship between sleep problems and cortisol in people with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Sleep problems are linked with negative health outcomes, including coronary heart disease. Neuroendocrine dysfunction has been associated with sleep problems and may be a pathway linking sleep and ill health. Dysregulated cortisol output has observed in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), though little is known about the links between sleep and cortisol in this population at high risk of coronary disease.

Disability discrimination and well-being in the United Kingdom: a prospective cohort study.

Objectives: Disability discrimination is linked with poorer well-being cross-sectionally. The aim of this study was to explore prospective associations between disability discrimination and well-being.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Type 2 diabetes and colorectal cancer screening: Findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes has been identified as a risk factor for colorectal cancer, but little is known about whether it influences participation in colorectal cancer screening programmes. This study tested the extent to which Type 2 diabetes is negatively associated with colorectal cancer screening uptake.

Methods: We analysed individual data of screening eligible men and women aged 60–75 without cancer diagnosis from wave 6 of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (collected 2012–2013), to investigate whether Type 2 Diabetes influences colorectal cancer screening behaviour independently of demographic characteristics, body mass index, socio-economic status and other chronic diseases.