Novel osteogenic growth peptide C-terminal pentapeptide grafted poly(d,l-lactic acid) improves the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts: The potential bone regenerative biomaterial.

Poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PDLLA) is widely used for bone regenerative engineering, because of its proven biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, the major limitation of PDLLA is its cell recognition and low hydrophilicity. The objective of this study was to develop a novel bioactive poly(d,l-lactic acid) tethered with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP), which has been confirmed as one of the important growth factors related to bone repair/regeneration.

Mechanically induced autophagy is associated with ATP metabolism and cellular viability in osteocytes in vitro.

Both mechanical loading and intracellular autophagy play important roles in bone homeostasis; however, their relationship remains largely unexplored. The objectives of this study were to determine whether osteocytes undergo autophagy upon fluid shear stress (FSS) loading and to determine the correlation between mechanically induced autophagy and ATP metabolism. Autophagic vacuoles were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in osteocyte-like MLO-Y4 cells subjected to FSS.