Mitigating ammonium toxicity in strawberry cultivation: effective fertilization practices for sustainable crop production.

Nitrogen is crucial for plant growth, but deficiency and excess can harm plants. Fertilizers like Diammonium Phosphate (DAP), which releases ammonium (NH), are common, yet over-application can cause NH toxicity, resulting in stunted roots and leaf damage. This study investigated the impact of NH toxicity on strawberry growth, yield, and fruit quality to inform better fertilization practices.