The molecular phenotypes of ureteral telocytes are layer-specific.

Telocytes (TC) are the delicate interstitial (stromal) cells defined by their long, thin and moniliform processes termed telopodes. Numerous studies determined that different subsets of telocytes populate almost all tissues and attempted to relate these subsets to various functions, from cell signaling to tissue repair and regeneration. Extremely few studies addressed the urinary tract though few data on the molecular pattern of the urinary TCs actually exist.

Cardiovascular consequences of myocardial bridging: A meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Myocardial bridging, a congenital abnormality in which a coronary artery tunnels through the myocardial fibres was usually considered a benign condition. Many studies suggested a potential hemodynamic significance of myocardial bridging and some, usually case reports, implied a possible correlation between it and various cardiovascular pathologies like acute myocardial infarction, ventricular rupture, life-threatening arrhythmias, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, apical ballooning syndrome or sudden death. The main objective of this article is to evaluate whether myocardial bridging may be associated with significant cardiac effects or if it is strictly a benign anatomical variation.

Myocardial Bridging: A Meta-Analysis of Prevalence.

The main objective of this article was to analyze prevalence data about myocardial bridging (MB) in published studies. To this purpose, we performed a meta-analysis of studies published in English literature that contained data about the prevalence of MB and its anatomical characteristics. The overall prevalence was 19% (CI: 17-21%); autopsy studies revealed an overall prevalence of 42% (CI: 30-55%), CT studies 22% (CI: 18-25%), and coronary angiography 6% (CI: 5-8%).

Artificial Intelligence versus Doctors' Intelligence: A Glance on Machine Learning Benefaction in Electrocardiography.

Computational machine learning, especially self-enhancing algorithms, prove remarkable effectiveness in applications, including cardiovascular medicine. This review summarizes and cross-compares the current machine learning algorithms applied to electrocardiogram interpretation. In practice, continuous real-time monitoring of electrocardiograms is still difficult to realize.

Rare anatomic variation: true bifid inferior turbinate.

Nasal anatomic variations are relevant during nasal surgical and endoscopic procedures. The extent of imaging methods, such as the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), allows a better characterization of such peculiar anatomic traits. The bifid inferior turbinate (BIT) is a rare finding, being previously reported less than ten times.

Combined anatomical variations: The mylohyoid bridge, retromolar canal and accessory palatine canals branched from the canalis sinuosus.

The study of anatomical variations is important not only for collecting anthropometric data, but also for improving clinical protocols and understanding why a particular clinical procedure sometimes does not yield the expected results. We report the case of a 74 year-old patient, in which we observed combined anatomical variants of the mandible and maxillary bone. One of these was the unilateral mylohyoid bridge (MB) of the uncommon, lingular type.

Co-Registration of ex vivo Surgical Histopathology and in vivo T2 weighted MRI of the Prostate via multi-scale spectral embedding representation.

Multi-modal image co-registration via optimizing mutual information (MI) is based on the assumption that intensity distributions of multi-modal images follow a consistent relationship. However, images with a substantial difference in appearance violate this assumption, thus MI directly based on image intensity alone may be inadequate to drive similarity based co-registration. To address this issue, we introduce a novel approach for multi-modal co-registration called Multi-scale Spectral Embedding Registration (MSERg).

Synthesis of Fluorescent Core-Shell Metal Nanohybrids: A Versatile Approach.

A flexible way of fabricating core-shell noble metal-organic nanohybrids with tailored chemical and spectroscopic properties is proposed here. The synthetic protocol consists of a multi-step procedure able to guarantee acceptable reproducibility of core size and shape as well as control of the organic outer layer. The proposed method highlights limitations in obtaining highly controllable products, although the heterogeneity degree of the nanostructures is in line with that expected from bottom-up approaches in solution.

Structure of isolated Z-disks from honeybee flight muscle.

The Z-disk is a complex structure comprising some 40 proteins that are involved in the transmission of force developed during muscle contraction and in important signalling pathways that govern muscle homeostasis. In the Z-disk the ends of antiparallel thin filaments from adjacent sarcomeres are crosslinked by α-actinin. The structure of the Z-disk lattice varies greatly throughout the animal kingdom.

Endothelial progenitor cells populate the stromal stem niche of tympanum.

The tympanic membrane (TM) integrity is of utmost importance for the sense of hearing. Therefore, the intrinsic potential of the TM to regenerate and repair deserves complete characterisation. Existing studies brought evidence on the epithelial stem niche of the TM.

Human anatomic variations: common, external iliac, origin of the obturator, inferior epigastric and medial circumflex femoral arteries, and deep femoral artery course on the medial side of the femoral vessels.

Probably, the most variable anatomic pattern relates to the iliac arteries system. There are reported here multiple rare anatomic variants found in a single case, at CT evaluation: (a) the unilaterally present common trunk of origin of the obturator, inferior epigastric, and medial circumflex femoral arteries and (b) the medial insertion of the deep femoral artery (DFA) onto the femoral artery, which placed the DFA initially on the medial side of the femoral vein. Such rare, but possible, anatomic variations should recommend surgeons to plan the procedures on a case-by-case basis.

Co-registration of pre-operative CT with ex vivo surgically excised ground glass nodules to define spatial extent of invasive adenocarcinoma on in vivo imaging: a proof-of-concept study.

Objective: To develop an approach for radiology-pathology fusion of ex vivo histology of surgically excised pulmonary nodules with pre-operative CT, to radiologically map spatial extent of the invasive adenocarcinomatous component of the nodule.

Methods: Six subjects (age: 75 ± 11 years) with pre-operative CT and surgically excised ground-glass nodules (size: 22.5 ± 5.

Phenotype heterogeneity in dental pulp stem niches.

Dental stem niches (DSNs) reside in different dental tissues, being of particular importance in tissue engineering and dental regeneration procedures. The present paper aims to review the DSNs from the view of niche inhabitants, either extrinsic, such as cells of the myeloid lineage, or intrinsic, such as endothelial cells, perivascular cells and spindle-shaped stromal cells, e.g.

Computational imaging reveals shape differences between normal and malignant prostates on MRI.

We seek to characterize differences in the shape of the prostate and the central gland (combined central and transitional zones) between men with biopsy confirmed prostate cancer and men who were identified as not having prostate cancer either on account of a negative biopsy or had pelvic imaging done for a non-prostate malignancy. T2w MRI from 70 men were acquired at three institutions. The cancer positive group (PCa+) comprised 35 biopsy positive (Bx+) subjects from three institutions (Gleason scores: 6-9, Stage: T1-T3).

Diagnosing clean margins through Raman spectroscopy in human and animal mammary tumour surgery: a short review.

Breast cancer frequency in human and other mammal female populations has worryingly increased lately. The acute necessity for taxonomy of the aetiological factors along with seeking for new diagnostic tools and therapy procedures aimed at reducing mortality have yielded in an intense research effort worldwide. Surgery is a regular method to counteract extensive development of breast cancer and prevent metastases provided that negative surgical margins are achieved.

ZnO Nanostructures for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using the TEMPO /TEMPO Redox Mediator and Ruthenium(II) Photosensitizers with 1,2,3-Triazole-Derived Ligands.

A series of thiocyanate-free bis(tridentate) ruthenium(II) complexes incorporating 1,2,3-triazole-derived NNN-, NCN-, and CNC-coordinating ligands has been employed for sensitizing ZnO photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Additionally, the first use of the TEMPO /TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-1-oxyl) redox mediator as a surrogate for the I /I redox couple in ZnO nanostructured DSSCs is presented. Compared with I /I -based electrolytes, shorter charge lifetimes and diffusion lengths were determined for the TEMPO /TEMPO-based electrolyte.

Subsets of telocytes: the progenitor cells in the human endocardial niche.

Unlabelled: Telocytes (TCs) are cells defined by their long and moniliform processes termed telopodes. They were previously identified in the endocardium and express neural markers, such as nestin and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Previous studies found a positive expression of neuro-filaments in endocardial endothelial cells, and a positive expression of nestin in cardiac side population (CSP) progenitor cells, which allowed us to hypothesize that TCs in the endocardial stem niche could be in fact progenitors that express nestin.

Subsets of telocytes: Myocardial telocytes.

Telocytes (TCs) are morphologically defined as small-sized cells with long, thin, moniliform processes called telopodes (Tps). Numerous papers imply that TCs are a distinctive cell type, and that transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is the gold standard tool for their identification. We aimed to reproduce previous studies on myocardial TCs to check their validity.

Altered Mitochondrial Anatomy of Trigeminal Ganglia Neurons in Diabetes.

Neurons from sensory ganglia are exposed to oxidative attack in diabetes. Altered mitochondrial morphologies are due to impaired dynamics (fusion, fission) and to cristae remodeling. This study aimed to evaluate using transmission electron microscopy mitochondrial changes in diabetic trigeminal ganglia suggestive for ignition of apoptosis, in absence of "classical" morphological signs of apoptosis.

Advanced modular automated calculation of the morpho-histological parameters in myocardial infarction.

Myocardial infarction represents the most investigated pathology. Heart tissues are histologically assayed on a routine base in clinical laboratories. However, the lack of a standard operation procedure for e.

AutoStitcher: An Automated Program for Efficient and Robust Reconstruction of Digitized Whole Histological Sections from Tissue Fragments.

In applications involving large tissue specimens that have been sectioned into smaller tissue fragments, manual reconstruction of a "pseudo whole-mount" histological section (PWMHS) can facilitate (a) pathological disease annotation, and (b) image registration and correlation with radiological images. We have previously presented a program called HistoStitcher, which allows for more efficient manual reconstruction than general purpose image editing tools (such as Photoshop). However HistoStitcher is still manual and hence can be laborious and subjective, especially when doing large cohort studies.

Telocytes of the human adult trigeminal ganglion.

Telocytes (TCs) are typically defined as cells with telopodes by their ultrastructural features. Their presence was reported in various organs, however little is known about their presence in human trigeminal ganglion. To address this issue, samples of trigeminal ganglia were tested by immunocytochemistry for CD34 and examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Radiomics Analysis on FLT-PET/MRI for Characterization of Early Treatment Response in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

Studying early response to cancer treatment is significant for patient treatment stratification and follow-up. Although recent advances in positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allow for evaluation of tumor response, a quantitative objective assessment of treatment-related effects offers localization and quantification of structural and functional changes in the tumor region. Radiomics, the process of computerized extraction of features from radiographic images, is a new strategy for capturing subtle changes in the tumor region that works by quantifying subvisual patterns which might escape human identification.

NONICHEMIC CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION ASSOCIATED WITH HEREDITARY THROMBOPHYLIA.

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common retinal vein disease with significant visual loss via thrombus or compression of vein wall. Thrombophilia is the predisposition to vascular thrombosis with the existence of genetic defect that leads to blood hypercoagulability. This report describes the case of a 55 year old male patient, with an active life who presented himself at the emergency room with acute visual lose, insidious and progressive visual field constriction, without any known history of neurological or vascular diseases.