Effects of beta-blockers on archery performance, body sway and aiming behaviour.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of selective (bisoprolol-5 mg) and non-selective (propranolol-40 mg) beta-blockers on archery performance, body sway and aiming behaviour.

Methods: Fifteen male archers participated in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study and competed four times (control, placebo, selective (bisoprolol) and non-selective (propranolol) beta-blocker trials). Mechanical data related to the changes in the centre of pressure during body sway and aim point fluctuation and when shooting was collected.

Can heart rate values obtained from laboratory and field lactate tests be used interchangeably to prescribe exercise intensity for soccer players?

This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between blood lactate concentration ([La]) and heart rate (HR) values obtained during treadmill and field tests at fixed velocities with respect to interchangeability of results to be used in exercise prescription. A total of 22 male soccer players participated in the study. Each player performed exercise tests on a motorized treadmill and in the field with 3-min runs and 30 s allowed for blood sampling.

Running velocities and heart rates at fixed blood lactate concentrations in young soccer players.

The purpose of this study was to examine the running velocities and heart rates at fixed lactate concentrations of young soccer players according to playing position and age. A total of 223 young male soccer players participated in this study. Each player performed incremental exercise tests on a treadmill.

Effects of anterior tibial displacement on the proprioceptive functions of soccer players` knee joints.

Objective: To investigate the effects of joint laxity on proprioceptive functions of the knee joints of soccer players.

Methods: In this study, we measured anterior tibial displacements and thresholds to detect the knee joint passive motion of 20 healthy soccer players (18.1+/-1.

Running velocities and heart rates at fixed blood lactate concentrations in elite soccer players.

This study was undertaken to examine the endurance performance of elite soccer players, according to age and playing position. A total of 197 male soccer players participated in this study. Each player performed exercise tests on the treadmill that included 3-minute runs and 30-second blood sampling intervals.

Energy expenditure of the paraplegic gait: comparison between different walking aids and normal subjects.

The aim of this study was to investigate the energy expenditure of walking with different aids in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to compare the results with normal able-bodied control subjects. The tests were performed on a 20 m indoor path in a comprehensive rehabilitation clinic of a university hospital. Nine male patients with incomplete SCI at various levels from C6 to L2 and nine age- and gender-matched normal able-bodied subjects were enrolled in the study.