Author Correction: Cardiovascular, hematological and neurosensory impact of COVID-19 and variants.

Correction to: European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 2021; 25 (8): 3350-3364-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202104_25747-PMID: 33928623, published online 30 April, 2021. After publication, the authors requested to correct the Acknowledgements of the above-mentioned article.

Cardiovascular, hematological and neurosensory impact of COVID-19 and variants.

Objective: The purpose of this article was to review our clinical experience with COVID-19 patients observed in the Cardiovascular Division of Pompidou Hospital (University of Paris, France) and the Department of Neurology of the Eastern Piedmont University (Novara, Italy), related to the impact on the cardiovascular, hematological, and neurologic systems and sense organs.

Patients And Methods: We sought to characterize cardiovascular, hematological, and neurosensory manifestations in patients with COVID-19 and variants. Special attention was given to initial signs and symptoms to facilitate early diagnosis and therapy.

Ozone influences migration and proliferation of neural stem cells in vitro.

Ozone (O) is a short-lived molecule which can be produced in a controlled reaction when oxygen is exposed to electric discharge. In the last few decades, many publications dealing both with animals and humans reported beneficial effects of ozone administration linked to its immunomodulatory and protective role against cellular damage. This is the first work which brings insight into how ozone influences cells of neural lineage in vitro and hypothesizes the potential molecular and novel electromagnetic mechanisms behind its action.

Electrospun nanofibers as support for the healing of intestinal anastomoses.

The breakdown of intestinal anastomosis is a serious postsurgical complication. The worst complication is anastomotic leakage, resulting in contaminated peritoneal cavity, sepsis, multi-organ failure and even death. In problematic locations like the rectum, the leakage rate has not yet fallen below 10 %.

Needleless electrospun and centrifugal spun poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds as a carrier for platelets in tissue engineering applications: A comparative study with hMSCs.

The biofunctionalization of scaffolds for tissue engineering is crucial to improve the results of regenerative therapies. This study compared the effect of platelet-functionalization of 2D electrospun and 3D centrifugal spun scaffolds on the osteogenic potential of hMSCs. Scaffolds prepared from poly-ε-caprolactone, using electrospinning and centrifugal spinning technology, were functionalized using five different concentrations of platelets.

Platelet-functionalized three-dimensional poly-ε-caprolactone fibrous scaffold prepared using centrifugal spinning for delivery of growth factors.

Bone and cartilage are tissues of a three-dimensional (3D) nature. Therefore, scaffolds for their regeneration should support cell infiltration and growth in all 3 dimensions. To fulfill such a requirement, the materials should possess large, open pores.

Three years after transplants in human mandibles, histological and in-line holotomography revealed that stem cells regenerated a compact rather than a spongy bone: biological and clinical implications.

Mesenchymal stem cells deriving from dental pulp differentiate into osteoblasts capable of producing bone. In previous studies, we extensively demonstrated that, when seeded on collagen I scaffolds, these cells can be conveniently used for the repair of human mandible defects. Here, we assess the stability and quality of the regenerated bone and vessel network 3 years after the grafting intervention, with conventional procedures and in-line holotomography, an advanced phase-imaging method using synchrotron radiation that offers improved sensitivity toward low-absorbing structures.

Histological and synchrotron radiation-based computed microtomography study of 2 human-retrieved direct laser metal formed titanium implants.

Background: The macroscopic structure of bone has been traditionally studied through x-ray radiography or x-ray tomography. However, the resolution limits of these techniques do not enable the reconstruction of the composite bone architecture at the nanometer level. Compared with histomorphometry, x-ray micro-CT has shown its efficiency in providing nondestructive and rapid 3D images and measurements on bone microstructure.

Novel insight into stem cell trafficking in dystrophic muscles.

Recently published reports have described possible cellular therapy approaches to regenerate muscle tissues using arterial route delivery. However, the kinetic of distribution of these migratory stem cells within injected animal muscular dystrophy models is unknown. Using living X-ray computed microtomography, we established that intra-arterially injected stem cells traffic to multiple muscle tissues for several hours until their migration within dystrophic muscles.

Bone turnover in wild type and pleiotrophin-transgenic mice housed for three months in the International Space Station (ISS).

Bone is a complex dynamic tissue undergoing a continuous remodeling process. Gravity is a physical force playing a role in the remodeling and contributing to the maintenance of bone integrity. This article reports an investigation on the alterations of the bone microarchitecture that occurred in wild type (Wt) and pleiotrophin-transgenic (PTN-Tg) mice exposed to a near-zero gravity on the International Space Station (ISS) during the Mice Drawer System (MDS) mission, to date, the longest mice permanence (91 days) in space.

Clinical evaluation of a single daily dose of phenylpropanolamine in the treatment of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in the bitch.

The objective of this retrospective study was to determine the efficacy of a single daily oral dose of phenylpropanolamine (PPA) in the treatment of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) in bitches. Nine bitches diagnosed with USMI were treated with a single daily dose [1.5 mg/kg body weight (BW)] of PPA for at least 1 month.

High-resolution X-ray microtomography for three-dimensional imaging of cardiac progenitor cell homing in infarcted rat hearts.

The recent introduction of stem cells in cardiology provides new tools in understanding the regenerative processes of the normal and pathological heart and has opened a search for new therapeutic strategies. Recent published reports have contributed to identifying possible cellular therapy approaches to generate new myocardium, involving transcoronary and intramyocardial injection of progenitor cells. However, one of the limiting factors in the overall interpretation of clinical results obtained by cell therapy is represented by the lack of three-dimensional (3D) high-resolution methods for the visualization of the injected cells and their fate within the myocardium.

Stem cell tracking by nanotechnologies.

Advances in stem cell research have provided important understanding of the cell biology and offered great promise for developing new strategies for tissue regeneration. The beneficial effects of stem cell therapy depend also by the development of new approachs for the track of stem cells in living subjects over time after transplantation. Recent developments in the use of nanotechnologies have contributed to advance of the high-resolution in vivo imaging methods, including positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and X-Ray computed microtomography (microCT).

Biodegradation of porous calcium phosphate scaffolds in an ectopic bone formation model studied by X-ray computed microtomograph.

Three types of ceramic scaffolds with different composition and structure [namely synthetic 100% hydroxyapatite (HA; Engipore), synthetic calcium phosphate multiphase biomaterial containing 67% silicon stabilized tricalcium phosphate (Si-TCP; Skelite) and natural bone mineral derived scaffolds (Bio-oss)] were seeded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and ectopically implanted for 8 and 16 weeks in immunodeficient mice. X-ray synchrotron radiation microtomography was used to derive 3D structural information on the same scaffolds both before and after implantation. Meaningful images and morphometric parameters such as scaffold and bone volume fraction, mean thickness and thickness distribution of the different phases as a function of the implantation time, were obtained.

Organization of extracellular matrix fibers within polyglycolic acid-polylactic acid scaffolds analyzed using X-ray synchrotron-radiation phase-contrast micro computed tomography.

Spatiotemporal organized patterns of cell surface-associated and extracellular matrix (ECM)-embedded molecules play important roles in the development and functioning of tissues. ECM proteins interact with the surface of bioscaffold polymers and influence material-driven control of cell differentiation., Using X-ray phase-contrast micro computed tomography (microCT), we visualized the three-dimensional (3D) image of ECM organization after in vitro seeding of bone marrow-derived human and murine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) induced to myogenic differentiation, labelled with iron oxide nanoparticles, and seeded onto polyglycolic acid-polylactic acid scaffolds.

X-ray synchrotron radiation pseudo-holotomography as a new imaging technique to investigate angio- and microvasculogenesis with no usage of contrast agents.

Standard X-ray micro-computed tomography is a technique that allows a good visualization of the structure of mineralized tissues and biomaterials, but it fails to finely discern soft tissues. Here, we used X-ray synchrotron radiation pseudo-holotomography to visualize, at three-dimensional (3D) level, microvascular networks for the first time with no need for contrast agents, and to extract quantitative structural data in a bone-engineered construct implanted for 24 weeks in a mouse. When compared to standard histology, pseudo-holotomography allowed a previously unavailable 3D resolution of the vessels, which in turn appeared more clearly visible.

Micromechanics of bone tissue-engineering scaffolds, based on resolution error-cleared computer tomography.

Synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SRmuCT) revealed the microstructure of a CEL2 glass-ceramic scaffold with macropores of several hundred microns characteristic length, in terms of the voxel-by-voxel 3D distribution of the attenuation coefficients throughout the scanned space. The probability density function of all attenuation coefficients related to the macroporous space inside the scaffold gives access to the tomograph-specific machine error included in the SRmuCT measurements (also referred to as instrumental resolution function). After Lorentz function-based clearing of the measured CT data from the systematic resolution error, the voxel-specific attenuation information of the voxels representing the solid skeleton is translated into the composition of the material inside one voxel, in terms of the nanoporosity embedded in a dense CEL2 glass-ceramic matrix.

Morphological, physiological and behavioural evaluation of a 'Mice in Space' housing system.

Environmental conditions likely affect physiology and behaviour of mice used for life sciences research on Earth or in Space. Here, we analysed the effects of cage confinement on the weightbearing musculoskeletal system, behaviour and stress of wild-type mice (C57BL/6JRj, 30 g b.wt.

Nanoaggregates of copper porphyrazine in floating layers and Langmuir-Schaefer films.

Aggregation behavior of unsubstituted copper porphyrazine (CuPaz) on the water surface was studied by analysis of compression curves, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), and optical spectroscopy. The structure and stability of the CuPaz aqua aggregates in the floating layers are determined by hydration degree that depends on initial surface concentration and surface pressure. Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) films of CuPaz were prepared by deposition of the variously structured floating layers and studied by X-ray scattering technique and optical spectroscopy.

Binding of the major phasin, PhaP1, from Ralstonia eutropha H16 to poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) granules.

The surface of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) storage granules in bacteria is covered mainly by proteins referred to as phasins. The layer of phasins stabilizes the granules and prevents coalescence of separated granules in the cytoplasm and nonspecific binding of other proteins to the hydrophobic surfaces of the granules. Phasin PhaP1(Reu) is the major surface protein of PHB granules in Ralstonia eutropha H16 and occurs along with three homologues (PhaP2, PhaP3, and PhaP4) that have the capacity to bind to PHB granules but are present at minor levels.

Kinetics of in vivo bone deposition by bone marrow stromal cells within a resorbable porous calcium phosphate scaffold: an X-ray computed microtomography study.

Resorbable ceramic scaffolds based on Silicon stabilized tricalcium phosphate (Si-TCP) were seeded with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and ectopically implanted for 2, 4, and 6 months in immunodeficient mice. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the scaffold material was performed by X-ray synchrotron radiation computed microtomography (microCT) with a spatial resolution lower than 5 microm. Unique to these experiments was that microCT data were first collected on the scaffolds before implantation and then on the same scaffolds after they were seeded with BMSC, implanted in the mice and rescued after different times.

Kinetics of in vivo bone deposition by bone marrow stromal cells into porous calcium phosphate scaffolds: an X-ray computed microtomography study.

In a typical bone tissue engineering application, osteogenic cells are harvested and seeded on a three-dimensional (3D) synthetic scaffold that acts as guide and stimulus for tissue growth, creating a tissue engineering construct or living biocomposite. Despite the large number of performed experiments in different laboratories, information on the kinetics of bone growth into the scaffolds is still scarce. Highly porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds were investigated before the implantation and after they were seeded with in vitro expanded bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and implanted for 8, 16, or 24 weeks in immunodeficient mice.

Bulk and interface investigations of scaffolds and tissue-engineered bones by X-ray microtomography and X-ray microdiffraction.

This review is presented of recent investigations concerning the structure of ceramic scaffolds and tissue-engineered bones and focused on two techniques based on X-ray radiation, namely microtomography (microCT) and microdiffraction. Bulk 3D information, with micro-resolution, is mainly obtained by microCT, whereas microdiffraction provides useful information on interfaces to the atomic scale, i.e.

High-resolution X-ray microtomography for three-dimensional visualization of human stem cell muscle homing.

In the perspective of clinical translation of stem cell research, it would be advantageous to develop new techniques to detect donor cells after transplantation to track their fate and thus better understand their role in regeneration of damaged and diseased tissues. In this study we use X-ray computed microtomography for three-dimensional visualization of stem cells that were labeled with magnetic nanoparticles and transplanted via intra-arterial infusion. We show that X-ray computed microtomography offers the possibility to detect with high definition and resolution human cells after transplantation, and opens new possibilities for both experimental stem cell research.