Study of the antidiabetic mechanism of berberine compound on FOXO1 transcription factor through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations.

Context: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder disease that causes hyperglycemia conditions and associated with various chronic complications leading to mortality. Due to high toxicity of conventional diabetic drugs, the exploration of natural compounds as alternative diabetes treatments has been widely carried out. Previous in silico studies have highlighted berberine, a natural compound, as a promising alternative in antidiabetic therapy, potentially acting through various pathways, including the inhibition of the FOXO1 transcription factor in the gluconeogenesis pathway.

Pd-Catalyzed Oxidative C-H Arylation of (Poly)fluoroarenes with Aryl Pinacol Boronates and Experimental and Theoretical Studies of its Reaction Mechanism.

We report the synergistic combination of Pd(OAc) and AgO for the oxidative C-H arylation of (poly)fluoroarenes with aryl pinacol boronates (Ar-Bpin) in DMF as the solvent. This procedure can be conducted easily in air, and without using additional ligands, to afford the fluorinated unsymmetrical biaryl products in up to 98 % yield. Experimental studies suggest that the formation of [PdL(CF)] in DMF as coordinating solvent does not take place under the reaction conditions as it is stable to reductive elimination and thus would deactivate the catalyst.