[Adequate Perioperative Use of Antibiotics in Thoracic Surgery].

Introduction: Infectious complications after lung resections pose a high burden of perioperative morbidity and mortality. Among other factors, perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis and management of a postoperative pneumonia have an impact on patient outcome. We developed a local clinical pathway for adequate perioperative use of antibiotics.

Emergence of Low-level Delamanid and Bedaquiline Resistance During Extremely Drug-resistant Tuberculosis Treatment.

Two new drugs, delamanid and bedaquiline, have recently been approved for treatment of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis. Here, we report a case of clofazimine, bedaquiline, and low-level delamanid resistances acquired during treatment of a patient with XDR tuberculosis.

[Effective management of an outbreak with multiresistent Klebsiella pneumoniae in a neurorehabilitation unit].

Background: In addition to acute care hospitals, rehabilitation centres are increasingly confronted with multi-resistant pathogens. Long durations of stay and intensive treatments impose special hygienic challenges.

Material And Methods: We investigated an extended spectrum beta-lactamase-Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-K.

Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of CTX-M-15 Producing Isolates Allowed Dissecting a Polyclonal Outbreak Scenario.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing pose an important threat of infection with increased morbidity and mortality, especially for immunocompromised patients. Here, we use the rise of multidrug-resistant in a German neurorehabilitation center from April 2015 to April 2016 to dissect the benefit of whole genome sequencing (WGS) for outbreak analyses. In total, 53 isolates were obtained from 52 patients and examined using WGS.

Benzodiazepine Use During Hospitalization: Automated Identification of Potential Medication Errors and Systematic Assessment of Preventable Adverse Events.

Objective: Benzodiazepines and "Z-drug" GABA-receptor modulators (BDZ) are among the most frequently used drugs in hospitals. Adverse drug events (ADE) associated with BDZ can be the result of preventable medication errors (ME) related to dosing, drug interactions and comorbidities. The present study evaluated inpatient use of BDZ and related ME and ADE.

Neuroleptic drugs in the treatment of tuberculosis: Minimal inhibitory concentrations of different phenothiazines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Due to an increase of drug resistant TB, alternative drugs that are not currently listed in the WHO guidelines on MDR TB treatment are currently being evaluated. Our group tested 100 susceptible, 20 MDR and 2 XDR Mtb strains against the phenothiazine derivatives thioridazine, trifluoperazine and triflupromazine. MIC testing was performed on Middlebrook 7H10 agar and was defined as the lowest drug concentration that inhibits ≥99% of the bacterial population.

Characterization of Ricin and R. communis Agglutinin Reference Materials.

Ricinus communis intoxications have been known for centuries and were attributed to the toxic protein ricin. Due to its toxicity, availability, ease of preparation, and the lack of medical countermeasures, ricin attracted interest as a potential biological warfare agent. While different technologies for ricin analysis have been established, hardly any universally agreed-upon "gold standards" are available.

[Pathogenicity of Mycobacterium kansasii].

Background: In a recent prospective study on pulmonary infections with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) led by the WATL group, disease rates in patients with M. kansasii infection were found to be 100 %. In the present study we re-evaluated the pathogenicity of M.

[Resistance to second-line drugs in migrants with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the Berlin region].

The empiric therapy of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) after rapid molecular testing is rendered difficult by an often several weeks-long period of uncertainty, because results of susceptibility testing for second-line TB drugs are pending. The analysis of regional resistance patterns could lead to a more targeted empiric treatment for migrants depending on their country of origin. The results of the susceptibility testing from 2008 to 2013 of all mycobacteria sent to the Institute of Microbiology, working with the department of Pneumology, Heckeshorn Lung Clinic, Berlin, were reanalysed and tested for regional differences.

[SGLT2 inhibition: an effective therapeutic approach in the treatment of diabetes mellitus?].

Since end of 2012 a new therapeutical approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes is available in Germany. It relies on the modulation of glucose re-absorption in the kidney by inhibition of so called Sodium Glucose Linked Transporters (SGLT) thereby leading to therapeutical glucosuria. Putting the kidney in the centre of therapeutical approach of glucose regulation is unfamiliar for physicians.

["DIabetes Versorgungs-Evaluation" (DIVE)--a national quality assurance initiative at physicians providing care for patients with diabetes].

Background: Due to the variety of affected organ systems, necessitating a multidisciplinary and interconnected approach in deciding on individual diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, a structured documentation of data for patients suffering from diabetes mellitus is steadily gaining importance. Towards this purpose, multiple quality initiatives (e. g.

TLR activation excludes circulating naive CD8+ T cells from gut-associated lymphoid organs in mice.

The trafficking of effector T cells is tightly regulated by the expression of site-specific sets of homing molecules. In contrast, naive T cells are generally assumed to express a uniform pattern of homing molecules and to follow a random distribution within the blood and secondary lymphoid organs. In this study, we demonstrate that systemic infection fundamentally modifies the trafficking of circulating naive CD8(+) T cells.

Minimal inhibitory concentrations of first-line drugs of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis isolates.

Context: The treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) is consistently difficult. Besides resistances, drug availability can be problematic and costs for therapy are high.

Aims: Our aim was to evaluate alternatives in treatment of MDR and XDR TB other than using second-line drugs.

Modulation of antigenic location converts chronic into acute infection by forcing CD8+ T cell recognition.

Pathogens that reside in the phagosomes of infected cells persist despite the presence of potent T cell responses. We addressed the mechanism of immune evasion by using a mouse model of Salmonella typhimurium (ST). Recombinants of ST were generated that translocated antigen to the cytosol or phagosomes of infected cells.

The use of interferon gamma release assays in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis.

Interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) are in vitro immunologic diagnostic tests used to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. They cannot differentiate between latent and active infections. The cutoff suggested by the manufacturer is 0.

CD8 T-cell induction against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 by Salmonella for vaccination purposes against a murine melanoma.

The Salmonella type III secretion system (T3SS) efficiently translocates heterologous proteins into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. This leads to an antigen-specific CD8 T-cell induction in mice orally immunized with recombinant Salmonella. Recently, we have used Salmonella's T3SS as a prophylactic and therapeutic intervention against a murine fibrosarcoma.