Characteristics of Eyes With CRB1-Associated EOSRD/LCA: Age-Related Changes.

Purpose: To evaluate ocular and retinal features of CRB1-associated early onset severe retinal dystrophy/Leber congenital amaurosis (EOSRD/LCA) for age-related changes.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Sixteen pediatric patients with biallelic CRB1 EOSRD/LCA who had been followed for up to 18 years were reviewed.

An Adjustable Magnetic Levator Prosthesis for Customizable Eyelid Reanimation in Severe Blepharoptosis II: Randomized Evaluation of Angular Translation.

Purpose: Examine the effect of force modulation via angular translation of a static magnetic field for customizable treatment of severe blepharoptosis.

Methods: Prototype adjustable-force magnetic levator prostheses (aMLP) consisted of a spectacle-mounted magnet in rotatable housing and small eyelid-attached magnets embedded in a biocompatible polymer. Interpalpebral fissure (IPF) of 17 participants with severe blepharoptosis was continuously measured for one minute at five spectacle magnet angles, with order randomized and participant and data analyst masked.

Microcephaly and chorioretinopathy associated with TUBGCP4: a case report and a review of the literature.

Background: Microcephaly and chorioretinopathy (MCCRP) is a rare autosomal recessive (AR) disorder characterized by microcephaly, developmental delay, chorioretinopathy, and visual impairment. We characterized the long-term phenotype of an additional patient with MCCRP associated with TUBCGP4 pathogenic variants and analysed previously reported cases in the literature.

Materials And Methods: Analysis of clinical and genetic data of a patient with TUBGCP4-related MCCRP followed for more than 19 years and literature search for previously reported patients with variants using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar.

Effects of Perceptual-motor Training on Collision Judgments with Peripheral Prism Expanded Vision.

Significance: Peripheral prisms (p-prisms) improve blind-side detection of hazards in hemianopia by shifting the image of the hazard into the intact visual field. Collision judgments can be made accurately after detection by using a gaze shift to fixate the hazard in the prism-free portion of the lens, but this is slow relative to normal peripheral vision. A prior study found that prism adaptation for visual direction did not occur with general wear.

Further evaluation of narrative description as a measure of cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: The narrative description (ND) test objectively measures the ability to understand and describe visual scenes. As subtle differences in speech occur early in cognitive decline, we analyzed linguistic features for their utility in detecting cognitive impairment and predicting downstream decline.

Method: Participants ( = 52) with normal cognition to mild dementia performed the ND test (watched twenty 30-s video clips and described the visual content).

The Effect of Zoom Magnification and Large Display on Video Comprehension in Individuals With Central Vision Loss.

Purpose: A larger display at the same viewing distance provides relative-size magnification for individuals with central vision loss (CVL). However, the resulting large visible area of the display is expected to result in more head rotation, which may cause discomfort. We created a zoom magnification technique that placed the center of interest (COI) in the center of the display to reduce the need for head rotation.

Saccade Landing Point Prediction Based on Fine-Grained Learning Method.

The landing point of a saccade defines the new fixation region, the new region of interest. We asked whether it was possible to predict the saccade landing point early in this very fast eye movement. This work proposes a new algorithm based on LSTM networks and a fine-grained loss function for saccade landing point prediction in real-world scenarios.

Combined blockade of complement C5 and TLR co-receptor CD14 synergistically inhibits pig-to-human corneal xenograft induced innate inflammatory responses.

Inadequate supplies of donor corneas have evoked an escalating interest in corneal xenotransplantation. However, innate immune responses contribute significantly to the mechanism of xenograft rejection. We hypothesized that complement component C5 and TLR co-receptor CD14 inhibition would inhibit porcine cornea induced innate immune responses.

An implementation of Bubble Magnification did not improve the video comprehension of individuals with central vision loss.

Purpose: People with central vision loss (CVL) watch television, videos and movies, but often report difficulty and have reduced video comprehension. An approach to assist viewing videos is electronic magnification of the video itself, such as Bubble Magnification.

Methods: We created a Bubble Magnification technique that displayed a magnified segment around the centre of interest (COI) as determined by the gaze of participants with normal vision.

Orientation of the preferred retinal locus (PRL) is maintained following changes in simulated scotoma size.

Although macular lesions often enlarge, we know little about what happens when the preferred retinal locus (PRL) is enveloped by the lesion. We present a prospective study of subjects with normal vision who were trained to develop a PRL using simulated scotomas with a gaze-contingent visual display. We hypothesized that, when subjects had developed a robust PRL and the scotoma size was increased, the PRL would move to remain outside the scotoma and in a direction that maintained the orientation (theta) of the PRL relative to the fovea.

The Impact of Field of View on Understanding of a Movie Is Reduced by Magnifying Around the Center of Interest.

Purpose: Magnification is commonly used to reduce the impact of impaired central vision. However, magnification limits the field of view (FoV) which may make it difficult to follow the story. Most people with normal vision look in about the same place at about the same time, the center of interest (COI), when watching "Hollywood" movies.

Validation of a vision-related activity scale for patients with retinitis pigmentosa.

Purpose: There have been few systematic reports of vision-related activity limitations of people with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). We report a merging of data from the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ) obtained in five previous studies. We asked whether the Vision Function Scale (VFS; Pesudovs et al.

Evaluation of Two Strategies for Alleviating the Impact on the Circadian Cycle of Smartphone Screens.

Significance: Electronic display devices used before bed may negatively affect sleep quality through the effects of short-wavelength (blue) light on melatonin production and the circadian cycle. We quantified the efficacy of night-mode functions and blue-light-reducing lenses in ameliorating this problem.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the radiation produced by smartphones that reaches the eye when using night-mode functions or blue-light-reducing spectacle lenses.

Narrative video scene description task discriminates between levels of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease.

Unlabelled: The process of interpreting and acting upon the visual environment requires both intact cognitive and visual systems. The narrative description (ND) task, initially developed to detect changes in ecologically relevant visual function in people with impaired vision, is an objective measure of the ability to perceive, understand, and describe a visual scene in a movie clip.

Objective: Because the ND task draws heavily on semantic and working memory ability in addition to basic visual perception, we aimed to assess the discriminative performance of this task across levels of cognitive impairment.

A free database of eye movements watching "Hollywood" videoclips.

The provided database of tracked eye movements was collected using an infra-red, video-camera Eyelink 1000 system, from 95 participants as they viewed 'Hollywood' video clips. There are 206 clips of 30-s and eleven clips of 30-min for a total viewing time of about 60 hours. The database also provides the raw 30-s video clip files, a short preview of the 30-min clips, and subjective ratings of the content of the videos for each in categories: (1) genre; (2) importance of human faces; (3) importance of human figures; (4) importance of man-made objects; (5) importance of nature; (6) auditory information; (7) lighting; and (8) environment type.

People With Central Vision Loss Have Difficulty Watching Videos.

Purpose: People with central vision loss (CVL) often report difficulties watching video. We objectively evaluated the ability to follow the story (using the information acquisition method).

Methods: Subjects with CVL (n = 23) or normal vision (NV, n = 60) described the content of 30-second video clips from movies and documentaries.

When Watching Video, Many Saccades Are Curved and Deviate From a Velocity Profile Model.

Commonly, saccades are thought to be ballistic eye movements, not modified during flight, with a straight path and a well-described velocity profile. However, they do not always follow a straight path and studies of saccade curvature have been reported previously. In a prior study, we developed a real-time, saccade-trajectory prediction algorithm to improve the updating of gaze-contingent displays and found that saccades with a curved path or that deviated from the expected velocity profile were not well fit by our saccade-prediction algorithm (velocity-profile deviation), and thus had larger updating errors than saccades that had a straight path and had a velocity profile that was fit well by the model.

Peripheral Prisms Improve Obstacle Detection during Simulated Walking for Patients with Left Hemispatial Neglect and Hemianopia.

Significance: The first report on the use of peripheral prisms (p-prisms) for patients with left neglect and homonymous visual field defects (HVFDs).

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate if patients with left hemispatial neglect and HVFDs benefit from p-prisms to expand the visual field and improve obstacle detection.

Methods: Patients (24 with HVFDs, 10 of whom had left neglect) viewed an animated, virtual, shopping mall corridor and reported if they would have collided with a human obstacle that appeared at various offsets up to 13.

Measuring the Difficulty Watching Video With Hemianopia and an Initial Test of a Rehabilitation Approach.

Purpose: If you cannot follow the story when watching a video, then the viewing experience is degraded. We measured the difficulty of following the story, defined as the ability to acquire visual information, which is experienced by people with homonymous hemianopia (HH). Further, we proposed and tested a novel rehabilitation aid.

People with Hemianopia Report Difficulty with TV, Computer, Cinema Use, and Photography.

Significance: Our survey found that participants with hemianopia report more difficulties watching video in various formats, including television (TV), on computers, and in a movie theater, compared with participants with normal vision (NV). These reported difficulties were not as marked as those reported by people with central vision loss.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to survey the viewing experience (e.

Evaluation of choroidal lesions with swept-source optical coherence tomography.

Aims: The aim of our study was to image choroidal lesions with swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and to identify the morphological characteristics associated with optimal visualisation.

Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study. Patients with choroidal melanocytic lesions <3 mm in thickness on B-scan ultrasonography were recruited.

The placenta controls the physiology of pregnancy by increasing the half-life in blood and receptor activity of its secreted peptide hormones.

An efficient functioning placenta is essential for a healthy pregnancy and yet the way this is achieved has been the subject of much discussion and confusion, particularly with the occurrence of pathological conditions such as preeclampsia, morning sickness and hyperemesis/ptyalism gravidarum. We will attempt to explain the underlying physiology and the potential roles played by the placental tachykinins, neurokinin B and endokinin.

The Preferred Retinal Locus Used to Watch Videos.

Purpose: Eccentric viewing is a common strategy used by people with central vision loss (CVL) to direct the eye such that the image falls onto functioning peripheral retina, known as the preferred retinal locus (PRL). It has been long acknowledged that we do not know whether the PRL used in a fixation test is also used when performing tasks. We present an innovative method to determine whether the same PRL observed during a fixation task was used to watch videos and whether poor resolution affects gaze location.

Dynamic gaze-position prediction of saccadic eye movements using a Taylor series.

Gaze-contingent displays have been widely used in vision research and virtual reality applications. Due to data transmission, image processing, and display preparation, the time delay between the eye tracker and the monitor update may lead to a misalignment between the eye position and the image manipulation during eye movements. We propose a method to reduce the misalignment using a Taylor series to predict the saccadic eye movement.

Blur Adaptation to Central Retinal Disease.

Purpose: The long-term, low-resolution vision experienced by individuals affected by retinal disease that causes central vision loss (CVL) may change their perception of blur through adaptation. This study used a short-term adaptation paradigm to evaluate adaptation to blur and sharpness in patients with CVL.

Methods: A variation of Webster's procedure was used to measure the point of subjective neutrality (PSN).